11 PART B The Cardiovascular System Power Point

11 PART B The Cardiovascular System Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Heart: Regulation of Heart Rate § Increased heart rate § _______ nervous system § Crisis § Low blood pressure § _______ § Epinephrine § Thyroxine § ______ § Decreased _________ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Heart: Regulation of Heart Rate § _______ heart rate § _______ nervous system § __________or blood volume § Dereased venous return Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Blood Vessels: The Vascular System § Taking blood to the tissues and back § Arteries § Arterioles § Capillaries § Venules § Veins Figure 11. 8 a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Pulse § Pulse – pressure wave of blood § Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Figure 11. 16 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Blood Pressure § Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries § Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction § Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax § Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure Figure 11. 18 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors § Temperature § Heat has a _______ effect § Cold has a _______ effect § Chemicals § Various substances can cause increases or decreases § Diet Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Factors Determining Blood Pressure Figure 11. 19 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Variations in Blood Pressure § Human normal range is variable § Normal § 140– 110 mm Hg systolic § 80– 75 mm Hg diastolic § ______ § Low systolic (below _____ mm HG) § Often associated with illness § _______ § High systolic (above _____ mm HG) § Can be dangerous if it is chronic Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Capillary Exchange § Substances exchanged due to concentration gradients § _____ and _____ leave the blood § _________ and other wastes leave the cells Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System § A simple “tube heart” develops in the embryo and pumps by the ____ week § The heart becomes a _________ organ by the end of _____ weeks § Few structural changes occur after the seventh week Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings