11 Choroid n Choroidal rupture n Suprachoroidal effusion

12. Retina n Retinal edema (Berlin’s edema or Commotio retinae). n Retinal hemorrhage n

Berlin’s edema Rudolf Berlin (1833 -1897) German ophthalmologist who got his medical degree in

13. Optic nerve n Traumatic optic neuropathy n Optic atrophy

II. Penetrating Trauma n Cause: injury by sharp instruments n Types: 1. without IOFB

Sequelae of Penetrating Trauma n n n n n Lid injuries Conjunctival injuries Corneal

6. Sympathetic Ophthalmia n It is a diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract

III. Eye Trauma & F. Bs n Lid & Conjunctival FBs n Corneal FBs

IV. Chemical burns n Alkaline burns n Acid burns

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11. Choroid n Choroidal rupture n Suprachoroidal effusion, hge. n Traumatic choroiditis n Chorioretinal degeneration

Choroidal Rupture

12. Retina n Retinal edema (Berlin’s edema or Commotio retinae). n Retinal hemorrhage n Macular tear n Retinal detachment

Berlin’s edema

Berlin’s edema Rudolf Berlin (1833 -1897) German ophthalmologist who got his medical degree in Erlangen. He had an intense interest in comparative ophthalmology especially the eyes of horses. While practicing human ophthalmology in Stuttgart, he taught equine ophthalmology at the Veterinary College of Stuttgart. Berlin's oedema, also known as commotio retinae, refers to whitish appearance of the outer retina as a result of blunt trauma. The opacity resulted from disruption to the photoreceptor cells and scotoma of the corresponding area is a common finding. It was first described in 1873 in Berlin R: Zur sogenannten Commotio retinae. Klin Monatsbl Augen- heilkd 1: 42– 78, 1873.

Retinal hemorrhage

Macular hemorrhage

Macular hole

Retinal Tear

Retinal tear

Retinal detachment

13. Optic nerve n Traumatic optic neuropathy n Optic atrophy

Normal optic disc Optic Atrophy

II. Penetrating Trauma n Cause: injury by sharp instruments n Types: 1. without IOFB 2. with IOFB

Sequelae of Penetrating Trauma n n n n n Lid injuries Conjunctival injuries Corneal injuries Scleral injuries Vitreous hemorrhage Retinal hemorrhage, tear, RD Optic nerve avulsion Sympathetic ophthalmitis Traumatic endophthalmitis

1. Lid injuries

2. Corneal injuries

Repaired corneal wound

3. Scleral injuries

Corneo-scleral wound

4. Retinal Detachment

5. Optic nerve ON Avulsion

6. Sympathetic Ophthalmia n It is a diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract of the sound (non-traumatized) eye after penetrating injury of the other eye (especially penetrating injuries involving the ciliary body zone with IOFB retention). n The injuried eye is called the exciting eye and the other inflammed eye is called the sympathizing eye.

7. Traumatic endophthalmitis

III. Eye Trauma & F. Bs n Lid & Conjunctival FBs n Corneal FBs n IOFBs n Orbital FBs

1. Lid & Conj. FBs

2. Corneal FBs

3. IOFBs

4. Orbital FBs

IV. Chemical burns n Alkaline burns n Acid burns

Sequelae of Chemical Injuries

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