11 5 The brain and our senses 1
11. 5 The brain and our senses 1
11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain The brain is the control centre of body activities. Let’s see an example. 2
11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain 1 Stimulus The phone rings. 3
11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain 2 Sense organ The ears detect the sound and send messages to the brain. 4
5 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain 3 Brain The brain interprets the messages, produces the sense of hearing and decides what to do. The phone is ringing.
11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain 4 Muscles The brain sends messages to the muscles. 6
7 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain 5 Response The muscles bring about a response: getting up and picking up the phone. Hello?
8 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 8 The role of the brain in playing volleyball Mandy
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 8 Rearrange the events to describe the detection of the coming volleyball and Mandy’s response. 9
11. 5 The brain and our senses 10 11. 8 A Mandy’s eyes detect the light from the volleyball. Light-sensitive cells in the eyes send messages to the brain. 1 B Mandy’s muscles contract/relax to enable her to jump up and pass the volleyball over the net. 4 C The brain sends messages to the limb muscles. 3 D Mandy’s brain interprets the messages. She is thinking, ‘The ball is being passed to me. Shall I set the ball to the hitter? No, I shall pass the ball directly to the other team to try to trick them. ’ 2
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 8 The order of the events: A _____ D _____ C _____ B _____ 11
12 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain detected by stimulus sense organ
13 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain sense organ sends messages to brain
14 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain interprets the messages and in turn sends messages to muscles
15 11. 5 The brain and our senses The role of our brain muscles bring about response
16 11. 5 The brain and our senses The main parts of the brain protected by the skull brain
17 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 15 3 D model Examining the human brain model
11. 5 The brain and our senses 18 11. 15 a cerebrum b cerebellum c medulla oblongata
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebrum (大腦) the biggest part of the brain responsible for intelligence 19 Animation
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebrum (大腦) interprets messages from sense organs sends messages to muscles 20
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebrum (大腦) the site of: thinking memory learning communication 21
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebellum (小腦) one-eighth of the size of the cerebrum 22
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebellum (小腦) responsible for muscular coordination 23
11. 5 The brain and our senses Cerebellum (小腦) maintains balance and controls movement 24
11. 5 The brain and our senses Medulla oblongata (延腦) the smallest part 25
11. 5 The brain and our senses Medulla oblongata (延腦) controls involuntary actions, e. g. heartbeat, breathing 26
11. 5 The brain and our senses The main parts of the brain The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. 27
11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time Simulation Beep! Why? some react faster than others 28
29 11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time detect a stimulus Beep! make a response reaction time ( 反應時間) varies from person to person
30 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 Experiment video Measuring your reaction time 1 your partner’s hand your hand
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 2 Catch the ruler as quickly as possible. 31
32 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 3 Record the distance dropped. 1 st try Distance the half-metre rule Yourself drops (cm) Reaction time (s) 2 nd try 3 rd try
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 3 Find out your reaction time from the graph. Distance of fall (cm) Reaction time (s) 33
34 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 3 1 st try Distance the half-metre rule Yourself drops (cm) Reaction time (s) 2 nd try 3 rd try
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 twice. 35
36 11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 5 Exchange your role with your partner and repeat the activity. 1 st try Your partner Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm) Reaction time (s) 2 nd try 3 rd try
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 6 What do you notice from the results of the three trials? The more times we try, the shorter the reaction time becomes (i. e. the faster the reaction). 37
11. 5 The brain and our senses 11. 16 7 How can we improve our reaction time? We can improve our reaction time through training. 38
11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time can be shortened through training Beep! 39
11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time affected by the condition of the body feeling tired reaction time becomes longer 40
11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time can be lengthened by drugs and alcohol 41
11. 5 The brain and our senses 42 Reaction time is the time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response.
11. 5 The brain and our senses Reaction time It varies from person to person. 43
11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions interprets messages from sense organs incorrectly illusions (錯覺) 44
11. 5 The brain and our senses 45 Illusions Which line is a straight line, AC or BC? BC. C A B
11. 5 The brain and our senses 46 Illusions How many legs does this elephant have? It looks like to have five legs.
47 11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions Is the shape in red a circle? Yes, it is a circle. 10 ¢ Put a 10 ¢ coin on it
11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions Close your eyes. Feel a marble with your fingers crossed. 48
11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions Press down on it and move it from side to side. 49
11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions How many marbles do you feel? We can feel as if there are two marbles. 50
11. 5 The brain and our senses Optical Illusions 51
11. 5 The brain and our senses Optical Illusions Impossible structure 52
11. 5 The brain and our senses Optical Illusions How many Columns? 53
11. 5 The brain and our senses Optical Illusions What do you see? 54
11. 5 The brain and our senses Illusions Sometimes the brain interprets messages incorrectly. This results in illusions. 55
11. 5 The brain and our senses 56 7 1 Sense organs detect _______ stimuli and then send messages to the _______ brain to produce senses.
11. 5 The brain and our senses 7 2 After interpretation, the brain sends muscles to messages to the _____ bring about responses. 57
11. 5 The brain and our senses 7 3 The brain consists of three main parts: the _______, cerebrum the _______ and cerebellum the _________. medulla oblongata 58
11. 5 The brain and our senses 7 4 The time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response is called the ________. reaction time 59
11. 5 The brain and our senses 60 7 5 ____ Illusion may result when the brain interprets messages incorrectly.
- Slides: 60