11 5 Speciation Through Isolation KEY CONCEPT New

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation KEY CONCEPT New species can arise when populations are isolated.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Speciation - the development of two or more species from one existing species • Species - a group of organisms with the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in the natural environment.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Ex. There are 18 Different species of Penguins

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Speciation can result when members of a population become isolated from one another • Speciation is the creation of 2 different species from 1. • Populations become genetically isolated when there is no gene flow between them due to some type of separation. • Gene flow is the exchange of genes between populations through sexual reproduction.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Processes that result in Reproductive Isolation which keep individuals from producing offspring • Physical • Physiological • Behavioral processes

Causes of Speciation How new species are created • Geographic isolation of populations • Can lead to • Reproductive isolation of population • Can lead to New Species (unable to breed when together)

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Types of Isolating Mechanisms that prevent Reproduction

Geographic Isolation • Members of a population may become isolated from one another by geographic boundaries like mountains, rivers or even oceans

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Geographic Isolation can lead to Reproductive Isolation

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Mechanical Isolation- type of reproductive isolation due inability to physically mate • Reproduction cannot occur because “parts” don’t fit

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Temporal Isolation – type of reproductive isolation due to reproducing at different times

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Behavioral Isolation – reproductive isolation due to differences in mating or courtship behavior even though they are able to physically interbreed

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Different mating rituals Different species of bowerbird build and decorate their bowers in different colors in order to woo females. The Satin bowerbird (left) builds a channel between upright sticks, and decorates with bright blue objects The Mac. Gregor’s Bowerbird (right) builds a tall tower of sticks and decorates with bits of charcoal.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Ecological Isolation – reproductive isolation due to living in different parts of the habitat (microhabitats) and rarely come in contact with each other Notaden bennettii (dark frog) lives underground and only emerges after heavy rains Litoria rubella (light frog) lives in trees and does not burrow underground.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation Speciation - the development of two or more species from one existing species The isolation of populations can lead to new species being formed.

11. 5 Speciation Through Isolation • See Google Classroom to review “Mechanisms of Evolution”