11 1 Refraction of Light Refraction Refraction the
- Slides: 18
11. 1 Refraction of Light
Refraction §Refraction - the bending of light as it travels, at an angle, from a material with one refractive index to a material with a different refractive index
Fermat’s Principle § Fermat’s Principle – 1 medium = straight line Example: When light travels from one point to another, it follows the path that will take the least time. More than 1 medium = bending Example:
Marching Band Analogy Why does light refract? § the marching band marches from an area of firm § ground to mud when one end of the band slows down, the direction of travel of the entire band changes
Refraction and Rays refracted ray § the ray that is bent upon entering a second medium angle of refraction (R) § the angle between the normal and a refracted ray
Direction of the Refracted Ray § when a light ray travels from a medium in which its speed is faster (air) to a medium in which its speed is slower (water) the refracted ray bends toward the normal fast to slow – towards the normal
Direction of the Refracted Ray § when a light ray travels from a medium in which its speed is slower to a medium in which its speed is faster, the refracted ray bends away from the normal slow to fast – away from the normal
Summary: Direction of Refraction FAST to SLOW to FAST towards the normal away from the normal Example: Air to Water to Air
Dispersion § the process of separating colours by refraction § white light (all wavelengths of visible light) refract twice: 1. when it enters the prism 2. when it leaves the prism (separates into a spectrum of colours)
Dispersion § each colour of light travels at a slightly different speed § only in a vacuum (space with no matter) do all colours travel at § the same speed: 3. 00 x 108 m/s e. g. blue light bends more than red light (blue light travels slower than red light) Roy G. Biv
How much of the light refracts? § speed of light in a vacuum is 3. 00 x 108 m/s § the speed of light in any other medium is less than that e. g. the speed of light in water is 2. 26 x 108 m/s
Index of Refraction § the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium § the index of refraction is always greater than 1 § as the speed of light decreases due to the medium, the index of refraction increases
Formula Manipulation C V n C=nx. V n= C V V= C n
Table 11. 1 Indices Pg. 454 Substance Index of Refraction (n) Vacuum Substance 1. 000 00 Gases at 0 C and 101. 3 k. Pa Index of Refraction (n) Solids at 20 C Quartz (fused) 1. 46 Hydrogen 1. 000 14 Plexiglas 1. 51 Oxygen 1. 000 27 Glass (crown) 1. 52 Air 1. 000 29 Sodium chloride 1. 54 Carbon dioxide 1. 000 45 Glass (crystal) 1. 54 Ruby 1. 54 Liquids at 20 C Water 1. 333 Glass (flint) 1. 65 Ethyl alcohol 1. 362 Zircon 1. 92 Glycerol 1. 470 Diamond 2. 42 Carbon disulfide 1. 632
Sample Problem Calculate the speed of light in fused quartz. The index of refraction for fused quartz is 1. 46. Equation n = c v n = index of refraction c = speed of light in a vacuum v = speed of light in a medium Rearrange the equation!!! Given n = 1. 46 c = 3. 00 x 108 m/s v=? v = c n v = 3. 00 x 108 m/s 1. 46 v = 2. 05 x 108 m/s The speed of light in fused quartz is 2. 05 x 108 m/s
Homework § Read Section 11. 1 on Pg. 449 -455 § Complete “Practice Problems” Pg. 455 # 1 -4 § Complete “Section 11. 1 Review” Pg. 456 # 1 -5
Things you need for this lesson … Demonstration # 1: § Ray box § 1 beaker + water (Fermat’s Principle) Demonstration # 2: § 1 beaker + v. oil + water + pencil (n =C/V) (different n’s) Demonstration # 3: § 1 beaker v. oil + 2 test tubes (same n = 1. 47)
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- Reflection refraction absorption transmission
- Refraction of light
- Concave vs convex light refraction
- Introduction of light reflection and refraction
- Refraction of light
- Refraction of light in lenses
- Phenomena related to refraction
- Mirage illusion
- Laws of refraction
- Refraction of light
- Lateral displacement formula
- Bacteria double membrane
- The bouncing off of light
- Identifying materials that block light
- Put out the light and put out the light