101 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MUSIC LEARNING

101 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MUSIC & LEARNING* *HYPERBOLE 1

Dr. Jo Ann Cohen Gerald Evans Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 2

MUSIC MAKES YOU SMARTER INCREASES I. Q. 7 TO 15 POINTS RESULTS IN POSITIVE CHANGES TO THE BRAIN 3

PET SCAN Reflects the level of chemical activity in your body. Areas of greater intensity, called hot spots, indicate where large amounts of the radiotracer have accumulated and where there is a high level of chemical activity. Less intense areas, or cold spots, indicate a smaller concentration of radiotracer and less chemical activity. http: //www. radiologyinfo. org/en/info. cfm? pg=PET&bhcp=1 f. MRI gives us the ability to observe structures that participate in specific functions and provides high resolution, noninvasive reports of neural activity detected by a blood oxygen level dependent signal (Ogawa, et al, 1990 a and b, 1992, 1993; Belliveau, et al, 1990, 1991) 4

RECIPROCAL EFFECT • NEURONS THAT FIRE TOGETHER WIRE TOGETHER 5

Table 2 Percent of children tested who were able to conserve tone patterns and melodies (Pflederer, 1964, p. 263 -265) 5 years old 8 years old conserved tonal patterns when transposed 63% 76% conserved melody when duration was changed 50% 94% conserved melody when harmony and rhythm of the accompaniment were changed 50% 56% 6

JEAN PIAGET Figure 1. The Inspiration web above illustrates Piaget's four cognitive development stages; sensorimotor (birth-2 years), preoperational (2 - 7 years), concrete operational (7 11 years), and formal operational (adolescence - adulthood). By Tiffany Davis, Meghann Hummel, and Kay Sauers (2006) 7

Alexander Luria How The Brain Matures Alexander Luria identified that the brain was not made up of isolated individual parts dedicated to a single function, such as speaking or doing math. He discovered that the brain actually was comprised as a set of neurological systems or loops, each contributing to the brain's ability to process information and draw conclusions. In other words, the ability to do math required many parts of the brain instead of only one part. It was discovered that each part of the brain underwent what appeared to be an expansion and contraction process, based upon the biological and developmental age of the person. This natural developmental cycle occurs approximately every four years until the day we die. http: //www. crossroadsinstitute. org/kchal 2. html 8

THE STUDY OF MUSIC • INCREASES I. Q. • CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE BRAIN • HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMERS • IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY GEOMETRY • PIANO 9

http: //www. medem. com/Med. LB/article_detaillb. cfm? article_ID=ZZZ 0 ZFP 46 JC&sub_cat=75 10

Temporal Lobes Timing Symbolism Speech Memory Attention Prosody Sequential Tasks Numeric Working Memory 11

Parietal Lobes Left Spatial Language Right Physical Space 12

Occipital Lobes Vision Letter Stability 13

Frontal Lobe Judgment Personality Frontal Lobe Attention Planning Organization. 14

SYNTHESIS http: //pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/ ~Brainmd 1/callosum. html http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8753. htm 15

SOMATOMOTOR CORTEX [MOTOR STRIP] http: //rmjacobsen. squarespace. com/display/Show. Journal? module. Id=311838&category. Id=21348 16

Multitasking is a female strength 17

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THE STUDY OF MUSIC • INCREASES I. Q. • CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE BRAIN • HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMERS • IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY GEOMETRY • EFFECTS MOOD 20

LEARNING DEMANDS ATTENTION & MEMORY ATTENTION 21

THE STUDY OF MUSIC • INCREASES I. Q. • CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE BRAIN • HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMERS • IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY GEOMETRY • EFFECTS MOOD • ASSISTS WITH IMPULSIVITY CONTROL • IMPROVE MEMORY & RETENTION 22

TRACING THE PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART, LUNGS & BODY 23

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Snell’s Law • Come listen and learn, I’ve a story I tell, • • • • I sing of the genius of Willebrord Snell A mathematician who lived long ago In the Netherlands where the Rhine river does flow. He set for his mind occupations of worth, Improved navigation and measured the Earth! He gave us the sine law, that wonderful guy, And he made more precise calculation of pi! (Chorus) Singin’ n 1 sine theta-sub-1, hey, Equals n 2 sine theta-sub-2, hip hooray! • n 1 Sinθ 1= n 2 Sinθ 2 • • • His greatest feat came in Sixteen Twenty-one, • When optics as science was really begun! • While flashes of lightning illumined his page, • He wrote down Snell’s law, his great gift to the age! • • So if you wear glasses or like to fry ants, • • • Astronomers hail him with each new-found star! Microscopists toast him from each sleazy bar! • • (Chorus) Now some credit Harriot, others Descartes, Both studied refraction, and both were real smart. But we prefer Willebrord van Roijen Snell -- He laid down the law, and he did it darn well! Be grateful your lenses were not made by chance! 25 • (Chorus )

1. Snell lived in • • • A. Norway B. Sweden C. Luxemburg D. Netherland E. France 26

2. Snell’s Law is also know as • • • A. Law of Reflection B. Law of Cosine C. Law of Optics D. Law of Magnification E. Law of Sine 27

3. Snell’s Law was simultaneously and independently discovered by • • • A. Kepler B. Descartes C. van Leeuwenhoek D. Galileo E. Hubble 28

4. Snell’s Law has application in all of the following EXCEPT • • • A. Microscopy B. Astronomy C. Optometry D. Spear Fishing E. None is an exception 29

5. Given the following, use Snell’s Law and solve for n 1. θ 1= 30 o Sin θ 1 = 0. 5 n 1 = __? __ θ 2= 19. 3 o Sin θ 2 = 0. 33 n 2 = 1. 52 • Calculate and give your answer on the Senteo to 2 decimal places. 30

Incidental Learning • Learning tangential to the stated objective 31 40

Chunking • NASA • National Aeronautics and Space Administration • SCUBA • Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus • RADAR • Radio Detection and Ranging 32

Chunking • Every Good Boy Does Fine • All Cows Eat Grass • Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Matters More. 33

Harmony • Round • Canon • Fugue 34

Johann Sebastian Bach 35

THE STUDY OF MUSIC • INCREASES I. Q. • CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE BRAIN • HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMERS • IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY GEOMETRY • EFFECTS MOOD • ASSISTS WITH IMPULSIVITY CONTROL • IMPROVE MEMORY & RETENTION • IMPROVES ATTENTION 36

Quodlibet • a humorous composition consisting of two or more independent and harmonically complementary melodies, usually quotations of wellknown tunes, played or sung together, usually to different texts, in a polyphonic arrangement. 37

Music vs. Noise Music = regular vibration per time Noise = irregular vibration per time 38

Octaves and Frequency • The frequency of a note one octave higher than a given note is twice that of the given note • The frequency of a note one octave lower than a given note is half that of the given note • E. G. – Concert A = 440 Hz [Yellow] piano – A above high C = 880 HZ [Green] – A below middle C = 220 Hz [Red] 39

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Overtones • natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system 41

WHAT CHILD IS THIS? Words: William C. Dix, The Manger Throne, 1865. Music: Greensleeves, 16 th Century English melody • What Child is this who, laid to rest On Mary’s lap is sleeping? Whom angels greet with anthems sweet, While shepherds watch are keeping? This, this is Christ the King, Whom shepherds guard angels sing; Haste, haste, to bring Him laud, The Babe, the Son of Mary. 42

• Why lies He in such mean estate, Where ox and ass are feeding? Good Christians, fear, for sinners hear The silent Word is pleading. Nails, spear shall pierce Him through, The cross be borne for me, for you. Hail, hail the Word made flesh, The Babe, the Son of Mary. 43

Ostinato • is a repeating chord progression which continues throughout the piece. • A short melody or pattern that is constantly repeated, usually in the same part at the same pitch. • Italian for stubborn. 44