100 year Event Analyses of Storm Sewers and

100 -year Event Analyses of Storm Sewers and Overland Flow Considerations as Applied in Chapter 9 of the City of Houston Design Manual Prepared for the HCEC Drainage Committee January 6, 2005

2 INTRODUCTION 1. Chapter 9 – Storm Water Design Requirements 2. Comments Received 3. Overland Flow Analysis

3 Chapter 9 – Stormwater Design Requirements Revised Criteria 1. Detention • • All calculations based on increased impervious area (IIA) <1 ac; 0. 2 ac-ft/ac IIA; exempt single family residential <15 K sf 1 ac to 50 ac; 0. 5 ac-ft/ac IIA; release at 0. 5 cfs/ac, 2 cfs/ac (100 yr) >50 ac; comply w/HCFCD 2. Overland (Sheet) Flow for Extreme Event (100 -yr) • • HGL at or below natural ground at ROW Max ponding of 6 -inch above curb at high point (current criteria) Max ponding of 18 -inch above curb at low point (current criteria) Claification/emphasis – no change to existing sheet flow patterns; no discharge to abutting private property 3. Hou. Storm • • Required analysis method for CIP projects and City funded within City limits Privately funded in City limits and EJT; Hou. Storm preferred but not required

4 Comment: There is no problem that needs addressing. Response: The City has determined, as a policy, that more stringent storm water management practices are needed to provide an increased level-of-service to our citizenry.

5 Comment: This criterion and procedure provides no benefit. Response: Benefit is deemed by the City to include reductions in water surface elevations and the proper management of overland flow during an extreme event, which this criterion addresses. Structural flooding, or the lack thereof, is not the only issue at hand.

6 Comment: All you are doing is sizing the storm sewers for the 100 -year flow. Response: This is an incorrect statement. The storm sewer remains sized for a 2 -year event. The City criteria simply requires that the storm sewer system be analyzed for behavior under the 100 year event in conjunction with due consideration of overland flow.

7 Comment: Increases in head on a storm sewer does nothing to increase the flow. Once the storm sewer reaches its 2 year capacity it will not receive any more flow. Response: If all conduit conditions remain unchanged, an increase in driving head will result in an increased flow through the conduit. Conversely, an increase in conduit size or reduction in friction loss will result in a decrease in driving head (i. e. upstream water surface elevations).

8 Comment: Overland flow is completely ignored and by imposing the concepts applied within TP-101 we are eliminating the consideration of overland flow. Response: The consideration of overland flow is particularly referenced as a critical element in the design process. TP-101 simply provides a simplified means of adjusting anticipated maximum water surface elevations via adjustments to the storm sewer HGL. Further requirements (i. e. a plotted hydraulic profile) exemplify the study and consideration of overland flow pathways for project areas.

9 Comment: No provision was made in TP-101 to address detailed overland flow determination procedures. Response: The intent of TP-101 is to provide a simplified manner of controlling anticipated maximum water surface elevations. The paper specifically addresses that more elaborate means of analyzing overland flow may be invoked if deemed warranted; however, it is beyond the subject matter of this paper to detail such an analysis process.

10 Comment: Areas that are inundated by floodwaters or have high existing 25 -year tailwater elevations can never be developed or redeveloped. Response: In project situations where the 100 -year water surface elevation, or less (i. e. 50 or 10 -year), already inundates the project area(s), for whatever reason, it is not the intent of these guidelines or this criterion to require the design engineer to resolve problem areas beyond their reasonable control. Chapter 9 stipulates this criterion and allows the submittal of documentation demonstrating this project situation. This applies to cases where lower starting water surface elevations for the 100 year analysis are justified.

11 Comment: This criterion and procedure adds too much cost to the project. Response: Case studies have indicated that the construction cost increases for private projects have ranged from 0 to 11% in storm sewer cost only. The resulting total project cost would be less.

12 Comment: This criterion and procedure adds too much additional design time. Response: The additional design time has been determined to be very minor based upon all test cases.

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14 Project ABC Storm Sewer Cost Project ABC Original Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 925 $46. 00 $42, 550. 00 2. 5 493 $56. 00 $27, 608. 00 $70, 158. 00 Altered Design Pipe Diameter (ft) 2 2. 5 Length of Pipe 925 493 Cost per foot Total Cost $46. 00 $42, 550. 00 $56. 00 $27, 608. 00 $70, 158. 00 Change in Storm Sewer Cost 0. 00%

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16 Project LMN Storm Sewer Cost Project LMN Original Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 3898 $46. 00 $179, 308. 00 4 2050 $110. 00 $225, 500. 00 5 254 $144. 00 $36, 576. 00 3 220 $73. 00 $16, 060. 00 5. 5 176 $176. 00 $30, 976. 00 $488, 420. 00 Altered Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 2916 $46. 00 $134, 136. 00 2. 5 982 $56. 00 $54, 992. 00 4 582 $110. 00 $64, 020. 00 4. 5 1468 $115. 00 $168, 820. 00 5 195 $144. 00 $28, 080. 00 5. 5 235 $176. 00 $41, 360. 00 3 220 $73. 00 $16, 060. 00 $507, 468. 00 Change in Storm Sewer Cost 3. 90%

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18 Project XYZ Storm Sewer Cost Project XYZ Original Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 1660 $46. 00 $76, 360. 00 2. 5 31 $56. 00 $1, 736. 0 0 3 217 $73. 00 $15, 841. 00 $93, 937. 00 Altered Design Pipe Diameter (ft) 2 2. 5 3 Length of Pipe 1660 31 217 Cost per foot Total Cost $46. 00 $76, 360. 00 $56. 00 $1, 736. 0 0 $73. 00 $15, 841. 00 $93, 937.

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20 Project QRS Storm Sewer Cost Project QRS Original Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 1171 $46. 00 $53, 866. 00 2. 5 254 $56. 00 $14, 224. 00 3 50 $73. 00 $3, 650. 00 $1, 500. 00 $22, 500. 00 $1, 700. 00 $23, 800. 00 Inlets - total 15 Manholes total 14 $118, 040. 00 Altered Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 611 $46. 00 $28, 106. 00 2. 5 560 $56. 00 $31, 360. 00 3 304 $73. 00 $22, 192. 00 $1, 500. 00 $22, 500. 00 $1, 700. 00 $23, 800. 00 Inlets - total 15 Manholes total 14 $127, 958. 00 Change in Storm Sewer Cost 8. 40%

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22 Project PQR Storm Sewer Cost Project PQR Original Design Pipe Size (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 RCP 795 $46. 00 $36, 570. 00 3 x 5 RCB 101 $206. 00 $20, 806. 00 $1, 500. 00 $12, 000. 00 $1, 700. 00 $15, 300. 00 Inlets - total 8 Manholes total 9 $84, 676. 00 Altered Design Pipe Size (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 RCP 795 $46. 00 $36, 570. 00 3 x 5 RCB 101 $206. 00 $20, 806. 00 $1, 500. 00 $12, 000. 00 $1, 700. 00 $15, 300. 00 Inlets - total 8 Manholes total 9 $84, 676. 00 Change in Storm Sewer Cost 0. 00%

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24 Project JKL Storm Sewer Cost Project JKL Original Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 922 $46. 00 $42, 412. 00 2. 5 233 $56. 00 $13, 048. 00 3 354 $73. 00 $25, 842. 00 $81, 302. 00 Altered Design Pipe Diameter (ft) Length of Pipe Cost per foot Total Cost 2 686 $46. 00 $31, 556. 00 2. 5 236 $56. 00 $13, 216. 00 3 411 $73. 00 $30, 003. 00 3. 5 176 $88. 00 $15, 488. 00 $90, 263. 00 Change in Storm Sewer Cost 11. 02%