10 Water Search and Rescue 10 Objectives 1
![10 Water Search and Rescue 10 Water Search and Rescue](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-1.jpg)
10 Water Search and Rescue
![10 Objectives (1 of 3) • Identify the need for water search and rescue 10 Objectives (1 of 3) • Identify the need for water search and rescue](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-2.jpg)
10 Objectives (1 of 3) • Identify the need for water search and rescue operations. • Identify various types of water and ice environments. • Recognize and identify hazards common to all types of water. • Recognize and identify specific hazards unique to ice, swiftwater, surf/marine, and underwater environments.
![10 Objectives (2 of 3) • Describe the resources needed to conduct a water 10 Objectives (2 of 3) • Describe the resources needed to conduct a water](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-3.jpg)
10 Objectives (2 of 3) • Describe the resources needed to conduct a water search and rescue operation. • Describe response planning and incident management requirements related to a water search and rescue incident. • Describe site control operations at a water rescue incident.
![10 Objectives (3 of 3) • Describe non-entry rescue considerations at a water rescue 10 Objectives (3 of 3) • Describe non-entry rescue considerations at a water rescue](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-4.jpg)
10 Objectives (3 of 3) • Describe non-entry rescue considerations at a water rescue incident. • Describe the NFPA 1670 objectives for the operations and technician water-rescue levels, including how they apply to water rescue resources. • Explain the modified RETHROG concept. • Explain each component of the modified RETHROG mnemonic.
![10 Drowning Statistics • Second leading cause of death in United States • On 10 Drowning Statistics • Second leading cause of death in United States • On](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-5.jpg)
10 Drowning Statistics • Second leading cause of death in United States • On average, three fire fighters die in water rescue accidents annually. • Causes include: – Lack of water rescue training, hazard awareness, safety equipment – Alcohol use
![10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (1 of 2) • Being unprepared for the water environment 10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (1 of 2) • Being unprepared for the water environment](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-6.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (1 of 2) • Being unprepared for the water environment • Going near water without wearing PFD • Assuming all water environments are same • Wearing heavy or negatively buoyant PPE or clothing in/near water • Ignoring the water temperature
![10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (2 of 2) • Driving vehicles into moving water • 10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (2 of 2) • Driving vehicles into moving water •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-7.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Pitfalls (2 of 2) • Driving vehicles into moving water • Waiting for 911 calls before seeking help during floods, large storms • Assuming boat motor will always work • Ignoring simple, quick rescue techniques while waiting to implement high-tech solution • Waiting until flood starts to recognize need for water rescue training, equipment
![10 Water Rescue Criteria (1 of 2) • Water is deep enough to create 10 Water Rescue Criteria (1 of 2) • Water is deep enough to create](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-8.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Criteria (1 of 2) • Water is deep enough to create drowning risk. • Water and/or air cold enough to create hypothermia or heat stress injury risk. • Water has enough current to create risk of being swept away. • Obstacles create risk of injury, entrapment, or incapacitation.
![10 Water Rescue Criteria (2 of 2) • Energized electrical equipment creates electrocution risk. 10 Water Rescue Criteria (2 of 2) • Energized electrical equipment creates electrocution risk.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-9.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Criteria (2 of 2) • Energized electrical equipment creates electrocution risk. • Waterborne hazardous materials create exposure to fire risk; corrosive, toxic, or reactive chemicals; biohazards; or radiological hazards. • Water is abundant enough to destroy community resources and infrastructure.
![10 Water Recovery Criteria • Meets water rescue criteria, plus one or more of 10 Water Recovery Criteria • Meets water rescue criteria, plus one or more of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-10.jpg)
10 Water Recovery Criteria • Meets water rescue criteria, plus one or more of following: – Victim is known to be dead. – Victim has been trapped underwater for more than 90 minutes. – Victim trapped in water from which there is no reasonably safe way to accomplish rescue.
![10 Applicable Standards (1 of 2) • NFPA 1006, Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional 10 Applicable Standards (1 of 2) • NFPA 1006, Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-11.jpg)
10 Applicable Standards (1 of 2) • NFPA 1006, Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications for: – Level I and Level II responders – Establishes organizational requirements to operate safely, effectively at water rescue emergencies
![10 Applicable Standards (2 of 2) • NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training 10 Applicable Standards (2 of 2) • NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-12.jpg)
10 Applicable Standards (2 of 2) • NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents: – 2008 edition added a surface water rescue specialty track
![10 Other Standards • OSHA’s General Duty Clause includes water rescue • U. S. 10 Other Standards • OSHA’s General Duty Clause includes water rescue • U. S.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-13.jpg)
10 Other Standards • OSHA’s General Duty Clause includes water rescue • U. S. Coast Guard regulations • NFPA 1983 related to rescue rope, hardware used for technical rope rescues from water
![10 Four Water Specialties per NFPA 1670 © Willem Dijkstra/ Shutter. Stock, Inc. © 10 Four Water Specialties per NFPA 1670 © Willem Dijkstra/ Shutter. Stock, Inc. ©](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-14.jpg)
10 Four Water Specialties per NFPA 1670 © Willem Dijkstra/ Shutter. Stock, Inc. © Photodisc © Simon Krzic/ Shutter. Stock, Inc.
![10 Common Misperceptions (1 of 2) • Only divers who use SCUBA can safely 10 Common Misperceptions (1 of 2) • Only divers who use SCUBA can safely](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-15.jpg)
10 Common Misperceptions (1 of 2) • Only divers who use SCUBA can safely make water rescues. • Lifeguards can rescue anyone from any water condition. • SCBA and turnout gear can be used for surface or underwater rescue.
![10 Common Misperceptions (2 of 2) • Responders can use any boat to make 10 Common Misperceptions (2 of 2) • Responders can use any boat to make](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-16.jpg)
10 Common Misperceptions (2 of 2) • Responders can use any boat to make a water rescue. • Any technical rescue team can affect swiftwater rescue.
![10 Water Rescue High Risk • Those who work near water or as part 10 Water Rescue High Risk • Those who work near water or as part](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-17.jpg)
10 Water Rescue High Risk • Those who work near water or as part of boat crew require: – NFPA 1670 operations level for non-entry – NFPA 1006 technician-level for water entry
![10 Personal Floatation Devices • Required for responders who work from boat, enter water, 10 Personal Floatation Devices • Required for responders who work from boat, enter water,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-18.jpg)
10 Personal Floatation Devices • Required for responders who work from boat, enter water, work from bridges or structures over water, work within 25 feet (7. 6 m) of water • Should meet U. S. Coast Guard’s PFD standards • May include additional PPE, like wetsuits, gloves, personal lighting
![10 Coast Guard Approved PFDs Courtesy of The Coleman Company, Inc. Courtesy of Johnson 10 Coast Guard Approved PFDs Courtesy of The Coleman Company, Inc. Courtesy of Johnson](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-19.jpg)
10 Coast Guard Approved PFDs Courtesy of The Coleman Company, Inc. Courtesy of Johnson Outdoors Watercraft, Inc.
![10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (1 of 2) • Throw bags: – Used for 10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (1 of 2) • Throw bags: – Used for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-20.jpg)
10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (1 of 2) • Throw bags: – Used for virtually any type of water rescue – May be thrown from shore, boats, piers • Ring buoy (Type IV PFD): – Used for conscious and unconscious victim retrieval • Rescue disk: – Similar to throw bag, but may travel twice as far
![10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (2 of 2) Courtesy of Life Safer, Inc. <www. 10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (2 of 2) Courtesy of Life Safer, Inc. <www.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-21.jpg)
10 Basic Water Rescue Equipment (2 of 2) Courtesy of Life Safer, Inc. <www. life-safer. com>
![10 Rope Rescue Equipment • Tension diagonal: – Rope attached to anchor points, uses 10 Rope Rescue Equipment • Tension diagonal: – Rope attached to anchor points, uses](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-22.jpg)
10 Rope Rescue Equipment • Tension diagonal: – Rope attached to anchor points, uses mechanical advantage system • V-lower : – Uses two ropes to control rescue boat or raft • X-lower: – Uses V-lower system with 2 additional ropes • Boat telfer system: – Uses highline and pulley
![10 Tension Diagonal Courtesy of Carol Read 10 Tension Diagonal Courtesy of Carol Read](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-23.jpg)
10 Tension Diagonal Courtesy of Carol Read
![10 V-Lower Courtesy of C. J. Johnson 10 V-Lower Courtesy of C. J. Johnson](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-24.jpg)
10 V-Lower Courtesy of C. J. Johnson
![10 Boat Telfer System Courtesy of Carol Read 10 Boat Telfer System Courtesy of Carol Read](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-25.jpg)
10 Boat Telfer System Courtesy of Carol Read
![10 Swim Aids • • • Dive mask, fins, and snorkel Boogie boards River 10 Swim Aids • • • Dive mask, fins, and snorkel Boogie boards River](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-26.jpg)
10 Swim Aids • • • Dive mask, fins, and snorkel Boogie boards River boards Rescue tubes Can buoys
![10 Rescue Board and Can Buoy Courtesy of CMC Rescue, Inc. <www. cmcrescue. com> 10 Rescue Board and Can Buoy Courtesy of CMC Rescue, Inc. <www. cmcrescue. com>](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-27.jpg)
10 Rescue Board and Can Buoy Courtesy of CMC Rescue, Inc. <www. cmcrescue. com> © jeff gynane/Shutter. Stock, Inc.
![10 Rescue Boat Considerations • • Type(s) of water involved Boat size, hull type, 10 Rescue Boat Considerations • • Type(s) of water involved Boat size, hull type,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-28.jpg)
10 Rescue Boat Considerations • • Type(s) of water involved Boat size, hull type, propulsion method Required boat and crew functions Availability of at least one method for retrieving unconscious victims • Ease of victim and rescuer retrieval
![10 Examples of Hull Types Photo of Zodiac Minuteman 420 RAD, courtesy of Zodiac 10 Examples of Hull Types Photo of Zodiac Minuteman 420 RAD, courtesy of Zodiac](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-29.jpg)
10 Examples of Hull Types Photo of Zodiac Minuteman 420 RAD, courtesy of Zodiac of North America, Inc. Courtesy of Oceanid - Water Rescue Craft Courtesy of Sea. Ark Boats
![10 Boat Propulsion Types (1 of 3) • Human propulsion: – Inflatable rafts, specialized 10 Boat Propulsion Types (1 of 3) • Human propulsion: – Inflatable rafts, specialized](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-30.jpg)
10 Boat Propulsion Types (1 of 3) • Human propulsion: – Inflatable rafts, specialized raft derivatives – Nonbailing or self-bailing • Motorized propulsion: – Outboard motors – Inboard motors – Stern drives
![10 Boat Propulsion Types (2 of 3) • Specialized propulsion: – Jet pumps – 10 Boat Propulsion Types (2 of 3) • Specialized propulsion: – Jet pumps –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-31.jpg)
10 Boat Propulsion Types (2 of 3) • Specialized propulsion: – Jet pumps – Jet drives – Airboats – Hovercraft
![10 Boat Propulsion Types (3 of 3) Courtesy of Applied Combustion Technology, Inc. Courtesy 10 Boat Propulsion Types (3 of 3) Courtesy of Applied Combustion Technology, Inc. Courtesy](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-32.jpg)
10 Boat Propulsion Types (3 of 3) Courtesy of Applied Combustion Technology, Inc. Courtesy of Ben Waller © Purestock/age fotostock
![10 Water Rescue Navigation Equipment • Land based: – Topographical maps, GPS – NASAR’s 10 Water Rescue Navigation Equipment • Land based: – Topographical maps, GPS – NASAR’s](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-33.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Navigation Equipment • Land based: – Topographical maps, GPS – NASAR’s FUNSAR course • Water based: – GPS systems, radar systems, sonar systems, marine navigation charts, navigational aids like channel markers, navigation buoys
![10 SAR Equipment • GPS systems • Flashlight, strobe lights, chemical light sticks • 10 SAR Equipment • GPS systems • Flashlight, strobe lights, chemical light sticks •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-34.jpg)
10 SAR Equipment • GPS systems • Flashlight, strobe lights, chemical light sticks • Standard boating distress flare guns, hand -held flares • Boating smoke flares or smoke grenades (daytime use) • Thermal imaging camera (TIC)
![10 GPS System Courtesy of Garmin International 10 GPS System Courtesy of Garmin International](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-35.jpg)
10 GPS System Courtesy of Garmin International
![10 Thermal Imaging Camera Courtesy of ISG/INFRASYS 10 Thermal Imaging Camera Courtesy of ISG/INFRASYS](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-36.jpg)
10 Thermal Imaging Camera Courtesy of ISG/INFRASYS
![10 TIC Characteristics • Useful for locating victims in water, especially at night, in 10 TIC Characteristics • Useful for locating victims in water, especially at night, in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-37.jpg)
10 TIC Characteristics • Useful for locating victims in water, especially at night, in fog, heavy rain, or low-visibility conditions • Effective only if part of victim’s body at or above water’s surface and few degrees warmer than water • Cannot see below water’s surface • Cannot detect victim or object with temperature same or close to water temperature
![10 EMS Resources (1 of 2) • BLS or ALS required at water rescue: 10 EMS Resources (1 of 2) • BLS or ALS required at water rescue:](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-38.jpg)
10 EMS Resources (1 of 2) • BLS or ALS required at water rescue: – Type I Swiftwater Rescue Teams must have ALS • “Rescue first, then medical” depending on conditions • Water rescue teams must be able to provide: – CPR, spinal immobilization, rewarming, rehydration, bandaging
![10 EMS Resources (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller 10 EMS Resources (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-39.jpg)
10 EMS Resources (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller
![10 Water Rescue Victims • May be suffering from hypoxia from neardrowning, hazardous materials 10 Water Rescue Victims • May be suffering from hypoxia from neardrowning, hazardous materials](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-40.jpg)
10 Water Rescue Victims • May be suffering from hypoxia from neardrowning, hazardous materials exposure, traumatic injuries, medical emergencies • Require ALS provider for care upon leaving water
![10 Access and Egress Equipment • Victim packaging and transfer devices: – Long spineboards, 10 Access and Egress Equipment • Victim packaging and transfer devices: – Long spineboards,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-41.jpg)
10 Access and Egress Equipment • Victim packaging and transfer devices: – Long spineboards, Stokes basket litters, other devices • Floating spineboards: – May be used as floatation or swim aids • Rope rescue equipment: – May be required
![10 Conditions for Applying Spinal Package • Deep, calm water: – Packaging system must 10 Conditions for Applying Spinal Package • Deep, calm water: – Packaging system must](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-42.jpg)
10 Conditions for Applying Spinal Package • Deep, calm water: – Packaging system must float, enough personnel to support victim and package, requires safe method of moving victim into boat or to shore • Shallow-water: – Shallow end of swimming pool, flat shoreline, beach, calm eddy • If water’s edge below grade, may require rope rescue skills
![10 Hazardous Materials Resources • May be needed to: – Monitor water quality, research 10 Hazardous Materials Resources • May be needed to: – Monitor water quality, research](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-43.jpg)
10 Hazardous Materials Resources • May be needed to: – Monitor water quality, research hazardous materials, determine proper level of PPE, manage decontamination of victims, personnel, equipment • May include local, state health departments to: – Assess biohazard threats, provide immunizations, treat water-acquired diseases
![10 Decontamination Includes • Washing, soaking, rinsing, drying all PPE, ropes, equipment, boats to 10 Decontamination Includes • Washing, soaking, rinsing, drying all PPE, ropes, equipment, boats to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-44.jpg)
10 Decontamination Includes • Washing, soaking, rinsing, drying all PPE, ropes, equipment, boats to manufacturer’s specifications • Disposing of gear exposed to serious chemical contamination • Following basic water rescue decontamination rules
![10 Communications (1 of 3) • Competent equipment is necessary to maintain full-time communications 10 Communications (1 of 3) • Competent equipment is necessary to maintain full-time communications](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-45.jpg)
10 Communications (1 of 3) • Competent equipment is necessary to maintain full-time communications among personnel. • Line of sight of incident operations are preferred. • Hard-wired or wireless underwater communication systems may be required. – Use diver’s tether rope in emergency.
![10 Communications (2 of 3) • Handheld fire/rescue radio are required for all rescue 10 Communications (2 of 3) • Handheld fire/rescue radio are required for all rescue](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-46.jpg)
10 Communications (2 of 3) • Handheld fire/rescue radio are required for all rescue boats. • Marine radios are required for ocean, marine, or tidal waters.
![10 Communications (3 of 3) 10 Communications (3 of 3)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-47.jpg)
10 Communications (3 of 3)
![10 IMS Strategic Objectives • Evaluate the scene and identify potential victims and locations. 10 IMS Strategic Objectives • Evaluate the scene and identify potential victims and locations.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-48.jpg)
10 IMS Strategic Objectives • Evaluate the scene and identify potential victims and locations. • Minimize hazards to operating personnel and victims. • Effectively search water rescue area. • Effectively rescue and remove victims. • Minimize further injury to victims during search, rescue, and removal operations.
![10 IMS Positions and Resources (1 of 2) • • • Incident commander (IC) 10 IMS Positions and Resources (1 of 2) • • • Incident commander (IC)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-49.jpg)
10 IMS Positions and Resources (1 of 2) • • • Incident commander (IC) Water rescue group supervisor Boat group supervisor Safety officer (several for larger incidents) Rigging group supervisor, if applicable Planning section chief
![10 IMS Positions and Resources (2 of 2) • Operations branch, multiple rescue groups, 10 IMS Positions and Resources (2 of 2) • Operations branch, multiple rescue groups,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-50.jpg)
10 IMS Positions and Resources (2 of 2) • Operations branch, multiple rescue groups, and additional incident management components may be required for larger incidents. • Area command, multiple EOC activations • State, federal assistance
![10 ICS Tactical Benchmarks • • • Victim location Boat launch, recovery site identification 10 ICS Tactical Benchmarks • • • Victim location Boat launch, recovery site identification](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-51.jpg)
10 ICS Tactical Benchmarks • • • Victim location Boat launch, recovery site identification Hazard mitigation Entry team readiness Rapid intervention capabilities Emergency medical care for victims
![10 Needs Assessment Includes • Types of water rescue and associated hazards • Emergency 10 Needs Assessment Includes • Types of water rescue and associated hazards • Emergency](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-52.jpg)
10 Needs Assessment Includes • Types of water rescue and associated hazards • Emergency response resource needs • Written procedures to request agency resources, mutual aid • Documentation of training, knowledge levels of responders • Private-sector agreements to acquire resources that cannot be supplied by response agency
![10 Preplanning and Training • Training with initial response agencies, special rescue teams, public-sector 10 Preplanning and Training • Training with initial response agencies, special rescue teams, public-sector](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-53.jpg)
10 Preplanning and Training • Training with initial response agencies, special rescue teams, public-sector resources, primary AHJ dispatch agency • Instructing primary dispatch agency, personnel about dispatch procedures • Exposing dispatch personnel to on-scene environment during training to facilitate understanding of information, terminology, and technology use
![10 Scene Assessment Information (1 of 2) • • Type of water or ice 10 Scene Assessment Information (1 of 2) • • Type of water or ice](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-54.jpg)
10 Scene Assessment Information (1 of 2) • • Type of water or ice rescue Number of victims and their visibility PLS if victim not visible Can responders communicate the with victim? • Is victim trapped, entangled, under water, beneath ice, or swept away?
![10 Scene Assessment Information (2 of 2) • • Is the victim injured? Presence 10 Scene Assessment Information (2 of 2) • • Is the victim injured? Presence](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-55.jpg)
10 Scene Assessment Information (2 of 2) • • Is the victim injured? Presence of contamination, hazards posed Training level of responders Availability of necessary resources for rescue
![10 Water Hazards (1 of 3) • Natural hazards: – Drowning, current, obstructions, predatory 10 Water Hazards (1 of 3) • Natural hazards: – Drowning, current, obstructions, predatory](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-56.jpg)
10 Water Hazards (1 of 3) • Natural hazards: – Drowning, current, obstructions, predatory animals, sharp shells or rocks, quicksand, pluff mud, underwater caves • Human-made hazards: – Bridges, piers, dams, shipping, sunken vessels, loose fishing nets, chemical and biological hazards, electricity sources
![10 Water Hazards (2 of 3) • Physical Hazards: – Dams, piers, flood control 10 Water Hazards (2 of 3) • Physical Hazards: – Dams, piers, flood control](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-57.jpg)
10 Water Hazards (2 of 3) • Physical Hazards: – Dams, piers, flood control channels, culverts, storm drains, low-water crossings, flooded structures, bridges, piers, sunken boats or ships – Electrical hazards: flooded residences, businesses, electrical production and transmission facilities
![10 Water Hazards (3 of 3) Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA 10 Water Hazards (3 of 3) Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-58.jpg)
10 Water Hazards (3 of 3) Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA
![10 NFPA Type-Specific Dive Rescue Hazards • • • Equipment failure Running out of 10 NFPA Type-Specific Dive Rescue Hazards • • • Equipment failure Running out of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-59.jpg)
10 NFPA Type-Specific Dive Rescue Hazards • • • Equipment failure Running out of air Entanglement or entrapment underwater Barotrauma: squeeze, bends Medical emergencies occurring underwater
![10 Ice Rescue Hazards • Breaking through ice into water • Exposure to extremely 10 Ice Rescue Hazards • Breaking through ice into water • Exposure to extremely](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-60.jpg)
10 Ice Rescue Hazards • Breaking through ice into water • Exposure to extremely cold air, ice, water temperatures: hypothermia • Underwater currents • Vehicles and aircraft plunging through ice • Ice surface changes related to temperature fluctuations
![10 Surf Rescue Hazards • Surf breaking directly on beach, sand bar, reef • 10 Surf Rescue Hazards • Surf breaking directly on beach, sand bar, reef •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-61.jpg)
10 Surf Rescue Hazards • Surf breaking directly on beach, sand bar, reef • Ships, boats, drifting objects, piers, fishing nets or lines, pipe or power line crossings • Tidal currents, rip currents • Marine animals
![10 Swiftwater Rescue Hazards • Current’s force and power: – Quantified by calculating water 10 Swiftwater Rescue Hazards • Current’s force and power: – Quantified by calculating water](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-62.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Rescue Hazards • Current’s force and power: – Quantified by calculating water speed and multiplying by approximate square footage of river channel – Or measure force when applied to person or object • Lack of planning, underestimation of water’s power in relation to flooding
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (1 of 8) • Laminar flow: – Differences in current 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (1 of 8) • Laminar flow: – Differences in current](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-63.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (1 of 8) • Laminar flow: – Differences in current speed and force in different parts of stream or channel • Horizontal helical flow: – Water moves in circular motion, parallel with river’s surface
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (2 of 8) 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (2 of 8)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-64.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (2 of 8)
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (3 of 8) © Stacey Lynn Payne/Dreamstime. com 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (3 of 8) © Stacey Lynn Payne/Dreamstime. com](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-65.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (3 of 8) © Stacey Lynn Payne/Dreamstime. com
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (4 of 8) • Hydraulic flow: – Vertical flow that 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (4 of 8) • Hydraulic flow: – Vertical flow that](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-66.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (4 of 8) • Hydraulic flow: – Vertical flow that occurs perpendicular to laminar flow, creates circular current flowing upstream toward obstruction • Eddy fence: – Vertical exaggeration of normal horizontal eddy line, usually in high-water
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (5 of 8) Courtesy of T. M. Smalley—MN DNR 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (5 of 8) Courtesy of T. M. Smalley—MN DNR](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-67.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (5 of 8) Courtesy of T. M. Smalley—MN DNR
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (6 of 8) • Confused flow: – Chaotic water where 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (6 of 8) • Confused flow: – Chaotic water where](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-68.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (6 of 8) • Confused flow: – Chaotic water where two or more current flows meet • Tidal flow: – Current flows in reverse direction with tide cycle; ebb tides may conceal hidden obstacles
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (7 of 8) Courtesy of Ben Waller 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (7 of 8) Courtesy of Ben Waller](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-69.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (7 of 8) Courtesy of Ben Waller
![10 Swiftwater Current Categories (8 of 8) © Michael Zysman/Shutter. Stock, Inc. 10 Swiftwater Current Categories (8 of 8) © Michael Zysman/Shutter. Stock, Inc.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-70.jpg)
10 Swiftwater Current Categories (8 of 8) © Michael Zysman/Shutter. Stock, Inc.
![10 Other River Features • Pillows: – Form on upstream side of obstructions • 10 Other River Features • Pillows: – Form on upstream side of obstructions •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-71.jpg)
10 Other River Features • Pillows: – Form on upstream side of obstructions • Holes: – Depressions in water’s surface found immediately downstream of standing wave • River waves: – Wave stays in place while water moves through it (standing waves)
![10 Objects in Water are Swiftwater Hazards Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA © R. Filip/Shutter. 10 Objects in Water are Swiftwater Hazards Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA © R. Filip/Shutter.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-72.jpg)
10 Objects in Water are Swiftwater Hazards Courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA © R. Filip/Shutter. Stock, Inc. Courtesy of David Savile/FEMA
![10 Phases of a Flood • • Phase one: pre-flood phase Phase two: emergency 10 Phases of a Flood • • Phase one: pre-flood phase Phase two: emergency](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-73.jpg)
10 Phases of a Flood • • Phase one: pre-flood phase Phase two: emergency phase Phase three: stabilization phase Phase four: recovery phase
![10 Hazard Mitigation • Elimination or reduction possible for many water hazards, like contaminants 10 Hazard Mitigation • Elimination or reduction possible for many water hazards, like contaminants](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-74.jpg)
10 Hazard Mitigation • Elimination or reduction possible for many water hazards, like contaminants • Reduction of current flow in dam-controlled rivers • Limitation or denial of access to nonrescue personnel – Note: mitigation may not be possible for largescale events
![10 Nonentry Rescue Possible in Some Situations • Assisting victim has been able to 10 Nonentry Rescue Possible in Some Situations • Assisting victim has been able to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-75.jpg)
10 Nonentry Rescue Possible in Some Situations • Assisting victim has been able to selfrescue and is onshore or at edge of calm body of water. • Throwing victim buoyant object like Type IV PFD, boat cushion, anything that floats • Awareness-level responders should not enter water to attempt rescue under any circumstances.
![10 Modified RETHROG • • • Talk Reach Throw/Wade Techno Helo Row Go Tow 10 Modified RETHROG • • • Talk Reach Throw/Wade Techno Helo Row Go Tow](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-76.jpg)
10 Modified RETHROG • • • Talk Reach Throw/Wade Techno Helo Row Go Tow No Go
![10 Victim Care Considerations (1 of 2) • Victim removal from water to safe 10 Victim Care Considerations (1 of 2) • Victim removal from water to safe](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-77.jpg)
10 Victim Care Considerations (1 of 2) • Victim removal from water to safe environment is the number one victim care priority. • Victim removal may require different techniques, equipment: – Parbuckling, rescue davits, hull doors, dive platforms • Victim packaging in water may involve various water conditions.
![10 Victim Care Considerations (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller 10 Victim Care Considerations (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-78.jpg)
10 Victim Care Considerations (2 of 2) Courtesy of Ben Waller
![10 Summary (1 of 2) • Water rescue victims may be located in a 10 Summary (1 of 2) • Water rescue victims may be located in a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-79.jpg)
10 Summary (1 of 2) • Water rescue victims may be located in a wide variety of water sources. • Water rescue emergencies require specialized resources, including rescue equipment, trained rescue teams, and EMS. • Water rescue hazards vary and include drowning, entrapment, trauma, physical hazards, wildlife hazards, and contamination, to name a few.
![10 Summary (2 of 2) • Situations may require hazardous materials and other specialists. 10 Summary (2 of 2) • Situations may require hazardous materials and other specialists.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/985e39a0f07625ef77c7fbbfad2b3497/image-80.jpg)
10 Summary (2 of 2) • Situations may require hazardous materials and other specialists. • Awareness-level responders may be able to attempt non-entry retrieval of victims. • Awareness-level responders should never attempt to water rescue entry.
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