10 4 Evidence of Evolution EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

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10. 4 Evidence of Evolution EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION!

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION!

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 1. FOSSIL RECORD! • Fossils in older layers are

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 1. FOSSIL RECORD! • Fossils in older layers are more primitive (older) than those in the upper layers. • Fossil records document the course of life through time

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record • The oldest known bird fossil is

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record • The oldest known bird fossil is the Archaeopteryx • It is intermediate between bird and dinosaur • Possesses some ancestral traits and some traits of present day birds • Archaeopteryx was found in 1859 first

Question! 10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • After examining the fossil record, scientists have

Question! 10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • After examining the fossil record, scientists have determined that scorpions today are much smaller than their extinct ancestors. For example, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, a giant scorpion species that lived 255 million to 460 million years ago, was 2. 5 meters long. Which of the following conclusions is supported by this information? • A. Scorpions living today have increased their numbers since they first appeared. • B. Scorpions in the fossil record are smaller than their descendants are. • C. Scorpions have changed as a result of natural selection. • D. Scorpions do not appear in their original state in the fossil record.

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 2. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION! • Organisms adapt according to where

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 2. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION! • Organisms adapt according to where they live. • The study of geography provides evidence of evolution. – island species most closely resemble nearest mainland species – populations can show variation from one island to another

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 3. EMBRYOLOGY! – similar embryos, diverse organisms

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 3. EMBRYOLOGY! – similar embryos, diverse organisms

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 4. HOMOLOGY & ANALOGY • Structural patterns are clues

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 4. HOMOLOGY & ANALOGY • Structural patterns are clues to the history of a species. A. Homologous Structures – Same origin but differ in function. – Share a common ancestry or origin. Human hand Mole foot Bat wing • http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/simil arity_hs_02

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution B. Analogous Structures • Structures that look similar •

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution B. Analogous Structures • Structures that look similar • Same function • Different structure & development

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution C. Vestigial structures • Remnants of organs or structures

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution C. Vestigial structures • Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor. • They have changed (evolved) over time by diminishing in size or function so as to become functionless, or near functionless compared to its original use • Structures that are USELESS and JUST TAKING UP SPACE!

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • TONIGHTS HOMEWORK: RESEARCH ONE VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE. (in any

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • TONIGHTS HOMEWORK: RESEARCH ONE VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE. (in any organism) • WRITE 10 COMPLETE SENTENCES ABOUT IT. (HANDWRITTEN OR TYPE-WRITTEN) • What was its purpose? Why is it not used anymore? • MUST INCLUDE PICTURE/DETAILED DRAWING • DUE ON THURSDAY

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Birds and insects both have wings, but they developed in completely different ways. ANALOGOUS

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Snakes don’t have legs, but they do have hip and leg bones. VESTIGIAL

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • The human appendix – a small organ next to the intestines – doesn’t seem to do anything at all. VESTIGIAL

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Cat embryos and human embryos both have tails. HOMOLOGOU S

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Dolphins and sharks both have fins, but they evolved completely differently. ANALOGOUS

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Alligators and bats have the same bone structure in their forelimbs (front legs for alligators, wings for bats). HOMOLOGOU S

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Humans have wisdom teeth (third molars), even though they are not needed to chew up food. VESTIGIAL

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous?

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution Are these structures… (A) Homologous, (B) Vestigial, (C) Analogous? • Humans and squids both have eyes, but they evolved in completely different ways. ANALOGOUS

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • TONIGHTS HOMEWORK: RESEARCH ONE VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE. (any animal)

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution • TONIGHTS HOMEWORK: RESEARCH ONE VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE. (any animal) • WRITE 10 COMPLETE SENTENCES ABOUT IT. (HANDWRITTEN OR TYPE-WRITTEN) • What was its purpose? • INCLUDE PHOTO. • DUE ON WEDNESDAY

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 5. DNA Analysis • Similar GENES shows common ancestry.

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution 5. DNA Analysis • Similar GENES shows common ancestry.

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution The 4 Principles of Natural Selection • Individuals in

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution The 4 Principles of Natural Selection • Individuals in a population have VARIATIONS • Variations are INHERITED • Not all offspring produced can survive • Variations that increase reproductive success will have a greater chance of being passed on

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution

10. 4 Evidence of Evolution