10 1742 The POWER of Green IT Charles

10 -1742 The POWER of Green IT Charles Onstott, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Homeland Civilian Solutions Business Unit NASA IT Summit | August 17, 2010

Agenda • Federal Climate Change Policy Developments – Legislation – Executive Order 13514 • E. O. 13514 and Other Reasons to Embrace Green IT – – – – 2 Green IT Transformation Roadmap E. O. 13514 IT Objectives Many Additional Benefits Beyond Environmental Impact Greening the Data Center Greening the Office Environment EPA Energy Star Measurement Recommendations Green IT - A Continuing Process Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Federal Climate Change Policy Developments 3 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Cap and Trade Legislation • H. R. 2454 - American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES) – Passed by the House of Representatives on June 26, 2009 • S. 1733 - Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act – Introduced 09/30/09 • Graham-Kerry-Lieberman – Draft circulating through senate – March 1, 2010 4 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

GHG Reductions from Caps and Complimentary Policies 5 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

2008 CO 2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Sector and Fuel Type 2, 500 Tg CO 2 Eq. 2, 000 Petroleum 2, 363 Coal Relative Contribution by Fuel Type Natural Gas 1, 785 1, 500 819 1, 000 500 43 219 343 Electricity Generation Transportation Industrial Residential Commercial U. S. Territories 0 Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0. 5 Tg CO 2 Eq. from geothermal-based electricity generation. 6 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Impact of Legislation on Electric Power Companies • Depending on caps, power companies may need to purchase additional emissions allowances • Costs for these may be passed on to consumers • Power companies will need to invest in CO 2 capture and storage technologies • Initial credits per ton of CO 2 captured not economically attractive, i. e. not enough to offset capture and storage investments • Net result – power company costs will increase • Who will pay for that? 7 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

IT Resources, Especially Data Centers, Are Huge Users of Power Projected Electricity Use, by Space Type, Historical Trends Scenario, 2007 to 2011 Source: Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Public Law 109 -431 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR Program, August 2, 2007 8 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Data Centers are Also a Target of Recent Policy • As data centers grow, their carbon footprints also grow • If data centers don’t keep up with the annual decrease in emissions allowances, they will pay the price by purchasing additional allowances • If power comes from a coal-fired power plant the cost will be higher • Closer monitoring of power usage is only part of the solution • E. O. 13514 specifically calls out Data Centers as an area for attention 9 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Executive Order 13514: Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance Sustainability Goals • Reduce GHG Emissions • Reduce the Use of Fossil Fuels & Downsize Vehicle Fleets • Improve Water Use Efficiency • Prevent Pollution • Advance Regional & Local Integrated Planning • Design Sustainable Federal Buildings • Implement Sustainable Acquisition Techniques • Promote Electronics Stewardship 10 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

NASA’s Sustainability Progress • Ames Research Center – Greenspace Initiative Green Aviation Global Prediction, Monitoring, and Response Clean Energy Sustainable Systems • Ames Sustainability Base Energy efficient building design (has net-zero energy usage) • Nebula cloud computing initiative 11 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Executive Order (E. O. ) 13514 and Other Reasons to Embrace Green IT 12 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Green IT – A Transformation Roadmap Transformation Steps • Infrastructure rationalization Current State • High energy consumption • High compliance risks • High enterprise costs • Low IT asset utilization • Suboptimal business performance • Data center modernization • Smart technology selection • Virtualization • Thin client • Cloud / utility computing • Effective governance • Architecture-based planning Metrics-Based Process 13 Target State • Reduced energy consumption • Reduced compliance risks • Reduced enterprise costs • Improved IT asset utilization • Improved business performance Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

E. O. 13514 Information Technology Related Objectives • Ensure 95% of new contract actions, task orders, and delivery orders for products and services (excluding weapon systems): • • • Energy efficient (ENERGY STAR® or FEMP-designated) Environmentally preferable (Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) certified) Contain recycled content • Implement best management practices for the energy-efficient management of servers and Federal data centers Source: DOE Summary of E. O. 13514 14 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Green IT – Target Technology Areas • Data Center – Data Center facilities – Server consolidation and virtualization – Storage consolidation and virtualization • Office Environment – Virtualized desktops and applications for maximum flexibility and lower power consuming device access – Smart terminals, laptops and mobile devices as principle access devices in the enterprise – Passive Optical Networking (PON) – Document distribution management 15 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Many Additional Benefits Beyond Environmental Impact Technologies that support Green IT also support other IT organization objectives, such as: • Reduced cost • Improved agility and responsiveness • Improved security • Improved performance • Decreased complexity 16 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Data Center Facility Considerations • Physical layout – – Minimize power consumption Maximize power density Minimize physical space requirement Use low-emission building materials, carpets, and paints • Maximize Cooling Efficiency – – – Hot Row/Cold Row Aisle containment Tile placement Consider economizers Distribution of power across racks within 10%-15% variance Temperature settings • Replace old UPS systems 17 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Data Center Server and Storage Optimization Server Virtualization • • Run multiple operating systems on a single physical server Run different operating systems on the same physical server Rapidly move from physical server to physical server Automate provisioning of servers Storage Optimization • • 18 Storage Area Network (SAN) / Network Attached Storage (NAS) Tiered Storage Services Reduce the number of storage devices Data archiving Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Data Center Server Virtualization Green IT Benefits Other Benefits • Decreased power consumption • Decreased hardware disposal • Decreased carbon emission • • 19 Decreased overall power costs Decreased overall facility costs Decreased O&M costs Increases centralization of administration • Improved service response time • Increased flexibility Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Data Center Cloud Computing Considerations • Key features/aspects of cloud computing – – Self-service Rapid provisioning Scalability Utility pricing • Four types of cloud computing deployment models (NIST) – – Public Private Hybrid Community • Key benefits of cloud computing – Transfers capital investments to third party – Potential energy savings at scale for cloud providers – Potential reduction in time to provision a new service 20 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Desktop and Application Virtualization Desktop virtualization • • Hosting several desktop operating systems on a single server Separation of the operating system from the desktop hardware Multiple desktop operating systems on the same desktop hardware Automate provisioning of desktops Application virtualization • Encapsulation of applications from the operating system Presentation versus Streaming 21 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Benefits of Desktop and Application Virtualization Green IT Benefits Other Benefits • • Decreased energy consumption Increased life span Recyclable components Telecommuting Lowers Total Cost of Ownership Simplifies Desktop Management Increased Security Access from variety of devices User Profile User Settings Application Virtualizatio n LAN/WAN/HT TPS Connectivity Applications OS Streaming Users 22 On Demand Virtual Desktop Operating System Data Center Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Secure Converged Solution Passive Optical Networking • Optical network distribution • Optical cabling to the device to close to the device • No power requirements (passive) Proven Technology • First standards developed in 1995 • ITU and IEEE standards-based • Fiber optic broadband subscribers now surpass cable subscribers 23 No electronics between the data center and end user for 40 miles or more • Eliminates workgroup switches in the riser closets • No need for backup power in riser closets (UPS systems) • As future technology evolves only the endpoints need upgrading • Maximizes return on investment (ROI) Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Secure Converged Solution (SCS) Green IT Benefit Other Benefits • No electronics between the data center and end user for 40 miles or more • Reduces and efficiently disperses power • Reduces space requirements • Reduces specialized cooling requirements • Globally standardized transport solution for Passive Optical Networking (PON) technology • Converges Voice, Data, and Video on to a single fiber • SCS can also provide limited Power over Ethernet (Po. E) 24 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Document Distribution • Document Distribution systems enable document printing workflow • Policies that reduce waste and wear and tear: – Require users go to any printer to retrieve document – Require users authenticate at printer to print • Digital signature and encryption 25 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Greening the Office Environment Document Distribution Green IT Benefits Other Benefits • Decrease paper and toner use • Prolong equipment life • Decreases costs • Improves security • Users pick up documents where they want • Workflow systems also promote end-to-end document management 26 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

EPA Energy Star • What is Energy Star – Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants caused by the inefficient use of energy – Voluntary Public/Private partnership program – Easy identification of energy efficient devices and facilities • How do Products Achieve the Label? – Product categories must contribute significant energy savings nationwide. – Products must be useful and energy saving – Additional costs are recovered through utility bill savings over a reasonable timeframe – Energy consumption and performance can be measured and verified with testing. 27 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

EPA Energy Star IT Infrastructure 28 Energy Star Category Status Data Centers In Place Announced June, 2010 Data Center Servers Under Revision Draft 1 Version 2. 0 – May, 2010 Data Center Storage Under Development Draft 1 Version 1. 0 – April, 2010 Desktops, Notebooks, Tablets In Place Version 5. 0 – July 1, 2009 Printers, Scanners, All-in-Ones In Place Displays In Place Small Network Equipment Under Development Kickoff in November, 2009 Uninterruptable Power Supplies Under Development Kickoff in March, 2010 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Green IT Measurement Recommendations • Measure power consumption of the data center – The Green Grid – Separate metering of power consumption • Consider environmental factors in service level agreements and performance measures – – – – Power measures such as from The Green Grid PUE CPU loads on servers Storage utilization, especially for attached storage Desktop virtualization uptake Energy Star Physical server operating times • Use facilities with LEED Silver or Gold standards 29 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Green IT – A Continuing Process Green IT can be accomplished, sustained, and improved continuously through an ongoing, multi-step program. 30 1 Assess status, update baseline, and develop next phase of strategy 2 Design solution model for next phase 3 Implement strategy and transition to next capability level 4 Operate under new green IT capability level using metrics 5 Define improvement paths based on operational experience and metrics results 1 Assessment and Strategy 5 Improvement 4 Operation 2 Design 3 Transition Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure © 2009 SAIC. All rights reserved. SAIC, the SAIC logo, and “From Science to Solutions” are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.