1 WWII IN EUROPEAllies vs Axis Powers Principles

1. WWII IN EUROPE-------Allies vs Axis Powers • Principles we fought for • Big 3 and Military leaders • Strategy: – Get Hitler First – Stalin’s 2 nd Front – Unconditional surrender • Turning point battles---1942 to 1945 – Invasion of North Africa – El Alamein – Stalingrad – Invasion of Sicily and Italy – D-Day invasion----June 6, 1944 • Battle of the Bulge – Yalta Conference----Feb. 1945 • Three world leaders die in April of 1945 • WWII ends in Europe with the Battle for Berlin • Germany surrenders, May 2, 1945 – Victory in Europe or VE Day---

posters

United Nations • Allied Powers became the United Nations. • Germans surrender to the United Nations to end the war in Europe

ALLIES AXIS THE BIG THREE WINSTON CHURCHILL—Great Britain FDR---U. S. JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet Union BENITO MUSSOLINI ADOLF HITLER HIDEKI TOJO WWII POLITICAL

Big 3 Big Three • Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin FDR • Relationship between the Big Three was “shaky” to say the least…. . • “The enemy of my enemy, is my friend”

Big 3 Stalin upset with the FDR and Churchill because they took their time establishing a “ 2 nd Front” in Western Europe while Russian soldiers were being massacred by the Germans………. . .

Date Dec. 1941 to Jan. 1942 June 1942 Jan. 1943 Nov. 1943 Place Washington Conference 1 st 2 nd Casablanca Conference Teheran Conference Participants Decisions FDR War Production, shipping, aid for China, diversion of German strength from Eastern Front and a Winston Churchill Big 2 FDR Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Big 3 North African invasion. Plans for invasion of Sicily and to step up Pacific War…D-day invasion in 1944 onto French coast. Unconditional Surrender of Germany 1 st time “Big 3” meet. Stalin demands 2 nd front onto French coast…. Date of D-day invasion decided… General Eisenhower appointed as commander of Allies

• 4 Star, US General Dwight Eisenhower • Graduate of West Point • Commanded Allied invasion on North Africa in 1942 • Named Supreme Allied Commander and in charge of D-Day. WWII Military Leaders

• General George Patton • Graduate of West Point • Tank commander and commander of the 7 th Army • Germans feared Patton • “ole blood and guts” WWII Military Leaders

• General Bernard Montgomery • British commanding officer • Defeated Rommel at El Alamein • Patton and Montgomery did not like one another WWII Military Leaders

German General Erwin Rommel German tank commander known as the “Desert Fox” Implicated in attempt to kill Hitler and would be forced to commit suicide. WWII Military Leaders

Map 16 of 45 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

World War II—Europe and North Africa with Axis, Allied & Neutral Positions in Africa December 1941 Map 17 of 45 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly”

Stalin’s 2 nd front

Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES 1942 • Allied invasion of North Africa • El Alamein

The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)

Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES 1942 • Allied invasion of North Africa • El Alamein 1943 • Battle of Stalingrad.

Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942 -1943 German Army Russian Army 1, 011, 500 men 1, 000, 500 men 10, 290 artillery guns 13, 541 artillery guns 675 tanks 894 tanks 1, 216 planes 1, 115 planes ØStalin orders his troops to the “scorched earth policy” ØGermans are surrounded at Stalingrad and supply

Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES 1942 • Allied invasion of North Africa • El Alamein 1943 • Battle of Stalingrad. • Allied invasion of Sicily

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” § Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942 -May 1943 § George S. Patton leads American troops § Germans trapped in Tunisia surrender over 275, 000 troops.

The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943 General George S. Patton

The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944

United Nations • Allied Powers became the United Nations. • Germans surrender to the United Nations to end the war in Europe