1 when while as the moment before after
1. 时间状语从句： 引导时间状语从句的连词有： when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。 请注意 when, while, as 的区别
When ---当……时候, 通常指 某一特定的时间点，主句与从 句的动作同时发生。 When I opened the window, I saw him come up. When I have time , I will go to see you.
When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her. *注意：在时间状语从句中，主 从句都是将来的动作或状态时， 习惯上主句用将来时，从句用 一般现在时。
When --- 正在……的时候，突然 …。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候， when 可以译成没想到或突然。 I was walking along the street , when I met him. I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.
One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.
When 当从句是进行时，主句 是一般时，往往表示不满。 Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.
When=after When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
While ---在……期间，往往指 一段时间。 While we were in America, we saw him twice. While we were talking, he came in. Strike while the iron is hot.
While ---表示一种不满情绪， 意思是这边在干某种重要的事， 而另一边在享受等。 We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.
While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.
As --- 一边……一边, 随着 She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful.
As --- 当……时，指一个动作 紧接着一个动作发生，从句通 常用进行时。 As I was going out, it began to rain. I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.
As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door. Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.
The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately, ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.
Not… until --- 直到……才 He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work. =He left the office when he finished the work. Not …until 可以和 when 互换
Before --- 在……之前 The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?
He ran off before I could stop him. It was not long before I forgot it all. (It was /will be …before… 是常用句型)
After --- 在…… 之后 The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.
Since ---自从……, 通常主句用 现在完成时 I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.
It is just a week since we arrived here. (It is /has been… since…是常用 句型）
As soon as --- 一……就…… Jack went to school as soon as he got well. I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.
No sooner than --- 一……就…… No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. no sooner… than… 用于句首 要求倒装 Hardly …when… Scarcely …when…
Once --- 一但……就…… Once you see him, you will never forget him.
Every time, each time 每次 whenever 每当 Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
2. 条件状语从句 引导状语从句的连接词有: If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that
If ---如果 If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled. If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight = We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
He will not join us unless he changes his mind. Don’t trouble unless troubles you.
As long as --- 只要 We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. You can’t play games as long as you remember the rules. A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.
As (so) far as --- 据……所知 As far as I know, he speaks English very well. As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.
In case --- 假使, 如果 The plane cannot take off in case it rains. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
Provided that 如果, 有时省略 that The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully. You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.
On condition that --- 条件是… He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak. The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.
注: 主从句的动作发生在将来时， 则主句用将来时, 从句用一般 现在时。 If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport. He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.
Where --- 在……地方 Put the medicine where you can easily get it. Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses. Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever --- 无论哪里 He follows her wherever she goes. Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
Because --- 因为, 通常从句放在 主句后. Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage. He said that he couldn’t work because the computer was out of order.
I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated. I do it because I like it.
As --- 因为, 通常放在句首 As it is quite windy today, he decides As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常 译为既然 Since everybody has come, we can set off. Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.
Now that --- 既然 Now that you are here, you can join us. Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.
considering that --- 顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
seeing that --- 由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时 省略so只用that Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb. The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.
So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去 Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too. Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.
Such …that… ---太……以至 于 用法与so…that相同，但 such 后面应用名词。 The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.
The Canadian airline’s hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.
6. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词 有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使 用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一 些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止( 某事发生) He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.
in case --- 万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it. Please take an umbrella in case it rains.
Lest --- 以防万一 The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him. The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the task on time.
As…as… --- 像……一样 If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible. My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before. Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.
Not so (as)… as… --- 不像…… The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be. The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.
…than… ---比……怎么样， 用于事物间的比较，more 后 面用形容词或副词 People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs. I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones
A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.
The more…, the more --- 越…… 越 The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it. The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.
8. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有： Although, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether
Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换， 但although 常放在句首。 Though可以用于倒装。 Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed. Child though he was, he did quite well.
As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从 句时，句子通常倒装。可与 though 互换。 Busy as he is, he never misses a football match. Hard as she works, she makes little progress.
Even if /even though ---即使 Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work. Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.
Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way. Even though his dean didn’t mean it, he still felt embarrassed.
However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子 通常倒装 He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove. The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.
N o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么， 何时，何地，怎样） The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said. Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.
He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him. I will find you no matter where you hide.
Whatever --- 不管 Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind. Whatever you do, it won’t affect our plan.
While ---尽管 While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you. While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.
Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用 Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad. Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.
as ---与…… 一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do. Leave things as they are.
as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可 用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
1. ______ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success. A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever
2. It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the station. A. before B. that C. unless D. when
3. I’ll accept any job, _____ I don’t have to get up early. A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as
4. ______ problems you have, you can always come to me for help. A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which
5. ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter
6. ----Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---- Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
8. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
9. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
10. --What was the party like? --Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since
11. Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you. A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever
12. ______ he comes, we won’t be able to go. A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
13. Nobody believed him ______ what he said. A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because
14. I was watching TV _______ suddenly the lights went out. A. when B. while C. as D. for
15. Take your umbrella with you ______ it rains. A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as
16. No sooner _______ entered the office _______I heard the telephone ringing. A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when
17. I had hardly arrived _____ he started crying to go home. A. as B. for C. when D. until
18. It won’t be long ____ you regret what you said. A. since B. when C. before D. till
19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
20. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
- Slides: 102