1 What is a controlled experiment Controlled experiment
![1. What is a controlled experiment? Controlled experiment– tests effect of a single variable 1. What is a controlled experiment? Controlled experiment– tests effect of a single variable](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-1.jpg)
![2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? hypothesis– a possible 2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? hypothesis– a possible](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-2.jpg)
![Observation classified into two types: Quantitative– involve numbers, counting, measuring objects. Qualitative– involve characteristics Observation classified into two types: Quantitative– involve numbers, counting, measuring objects. Qualitative– involve characteristics](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-3.jpg)
![3. When conducting experiments, sometimes the results are not consistent and may yield results 3. When conducting experiments, sometimes the results are not consistent and may yield results](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-4.jpg)
![4. Why is the cell membrane referred to as being semi-permeable? Most membranes are 4. Why is the cell membrane referred to as being semi-permeable? Most membranes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-5.jpg)
![6. What is an enzyme and how does it speed up a chemical reaction? 6. What is an enzyme and how does it speed up a chemical reaction?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-6.jpg)
![Enzymes are very specific Name of enzyme derived from reaction it catalyzes Enzymes are Enzymes are very specific Name of enzyme derived from reaction it catalyzes Enzymes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-7.jpg)
![7. What conditions affect the action of an enzyme (name three things) • Temperature 7. What conditions affect the action of an enzyme (name three things) • Temperature](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-8.jpg)
![14. Proteins are all made from amino acids. What makes one protein different from 14. Proteins are all made from amino acids. What makes one protein different from](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-9.jpg)
![15. What effect does temperature have on proteins? It changes the 3 -dimensional structure 15. What effect does temperature have on proteins? It changes the 3 -dimensional structure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-10.jpg)
![17. What is mitosis and what types of cells undergo mitosis? Division of cells 17. What is mitosis and what types of cells undergo mitosis? Division of cells](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-11.jpg)
![18. What is the difference between diploid cells and haploid cells? Diploid (2 n)- 18. What is the difference between diploid cells and haploid cells? Diploid (2 n)-](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-12.jpg)
![19. What process produces diploid cells and which produces haploid cells? Mitosis- makes diploid 19. What process produces diploid cells and which produces haploid cells? Mitosis- makes diploid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-13.jpg)
![20. What is meiosis and what does it result in? Process of producing sex 20. What is meiosis and what does it result in? Process of producing sex](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-14.jpg)
![21. Explain why this is a good representation of fertilization: n + n =2 21. Explain why this is a good representation of fertilization: n + n =2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-15.jpg)
![22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced? 22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-16.jpg)
![22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced? Chromosomes segregate 22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced? Chromosomes segregate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-17.jpg)
![23. What is independent assortment? Each of the chromosome pairs separate independently of the 23. What is independent assortment? Each of the chromosome pairs separate independently of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-18.jpg)
![24. What is a mutation? Any change in an organisms DNA. Happens naturally and 24. What is a mutation? Any change in an organisms DNA. Happens naturally and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-19.jpg)
![25. Mutations may or may not affect the expression of a gene. Why? • 25. Mutations may or may not affect the expression of a gene. Why? •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-20.jpg)
![26. What are sex chromosomes and what combinations would result in a boy or 26. What are sex chromosomes and what combinations would result in a boy or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-21.jpg)
- Slides: 21
![1 What is a controlled experiment Controlled experiment tests effect of a single variable 1. What is a controlled experiment? Controlled experiment– tests effect of a single variable](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-1.jpg)
1. What is a controlled experiment? Controlled experiment– tests effect of a single variable while keeping all other variables the same
![2 What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory hypothesis a possible 2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? hypothesis– a possible](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-2.jpg)
2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? hypothesis– a possible explanation to a scientific question. (an “educated guess” based on prior knowledge and observations) Theory– a well tested and supported hypothesis (Cell theory, theory of Natural Selection, Atomic theory)
![Observation classified into two types Quantitative involve numbers counting measuring objects Qualitative involve characteristics Observation classified into two types: Quantitative– involve numbers, counting, measuring objects. Qualitative– involve characteristics](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-3.jpg)
Observation classified into two types: Quantitative– involve numbers, counting, measuring objects. Qualitative– involve characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted such as color or texture
![3 When conducting experiments sometimes the results are not consistent and may yield results 3. When conducting experiments, sometimes the results are not consistent and may yield results](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-4.jpg)
3. When conducting experiments, sometimes the results are not consistent and may yield results that are obviously wrong. What might be some typical sources of unavoidable errors? • Human error (mistakes in conducting experiment) • Small sample tested • Contaminated sample
![4 Why is the cell membrane referred to as being semipermeable Most membranes are 4. Why is the cell membrane referred to as being semi-permeable? Most membranes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-5.jpg)
4. Why is the cell membrane referred to as being semi-permeable? Most membranes are selectively permeable (some materials can pass across membrane and others cannot) like “sieve”
![6 What is an enzyme and how does it speed up a chemical reaction 6. What is an enzyme and how does it speed up a chemical reaction?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-6.jpg)
6. What is an enzyme and how does it speed up a chemical reaction? Enzymes– specialized proteins that act as biological catalysts (catalysts– a substance that speeds up rate of chemical reaction by lowering a reactions activation energy)
![Enzymes are very specific Name of enzyme derived from reaction it catalyzes Enzymes are Enzymes are very specific Name of enzyme derived from reaction it catalyzes Enzymes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-7.jpg)
Enzymes are very specific Name of enzyme derived from reaction it catalyzes Enzymes are not used up in a chemical reaction.
![7 What conditions affect the action of an enzyme name three things Temperature 7. What conditions affect the action of an enzyme (name three things) • Temperature](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-8.jpg)
7. What conditions affect the action of an enzyme (name three things) • Temperature • p. H • Presence of substrate
![14 Proteins are all made from amino acids What makes one protein different from 14. Proteins are all made from amino acids. What makes one protein different from](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-9.jpg)
14. Proteins are all made from amino acids. What makes one protein different from another? The number of amino acids and the sequence of amino acids (like letters in an alphabet spelling different words)
![15 What effect does temperature have on proteins It changes the 3 dimensional structure 15. What effect does temperature have on proteins? It changes the 3 -dimensional structure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-10.jpg)
15. What effect does temperature have on proteins? It changes the 3 -dimensional structure of the protein (this will also change the way the protein functions) Like when you cook a steak or eggs- it changes the consistency. It may also stop the action of an enzyme- snake venom
![17 What is mitosis and what types of cells undergo mitosis Division of cells 17. What is mitosis and what types of cells undergo mitosis? Division of cells](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-11.jpg)
17. What is mitosis and what types of cells undergo mitosis? Division of cells forming two identical new daughter cells (body cells) 2 n → 2 n Part of Cell Cycle PMAT (stages) followed by cytokinesis
![18 What is the difference between diploid cells and haploid cells Diploid 2 n 18. What is the difference between diploid cells and haploid cells? Diploid (2 n)-](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-12.jpg)
18. What is the difference between diploid cells and haploid cells? Diploid (2 n)- two sets of chromosomes (normal number in body cells) Haploid (n)- half the number of chromosomes (found in sex cells-gametes)
![19 What process produces diploid cells and which produces haploid cells Mitosis makes diploid 19. What process produces diploid cells and which produces haploid cells? Mitosis- makes diploid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-13.jpg)
19. What process produces diploid cells and which produces haploid cells? Mitosis- makes diploid cells 2 n → 2 n Meiosis- makes haploid sex cells (gametes) 2 n → n + n
![20 What is meiosis and what does it result in Process of producing sex 20. What is meiosis and what does it result in? Process of producing sex](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-14.jpg)
20. What is meiosis and what does it result in? Process of producing sex cells (gametes) Results in four haploid (n) cells (sperm or egg)
![21 Explain why this is a good representation of fertilization n n 2 21. Explain why this is a good representation of fertilization: n + n =2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-15.jpg)
21. Explain why this is a good representation of fertilization: n + n =2 n Shows two haploid cells (gametes) coming together to produce diploid (2 n) cell-zygote n + n =2 n
![22 What is meant be segregation when sex cells gametes are produced 22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-16.jpg)
22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced?
![22 What is meant be segregation when sex cells gametes are produced Chromosomes segregate 22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced? Chromosomes segregate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-17.jpg)
22. What is meant be segregation when sex cells (gametes) are produced? Chromosomes segregate (separate) during meiosis.
![23 What is independent assortment Each of the chromosome pairs separate independently of the 23. What is independent assortment? Each of the chromosome pairs separate independently of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-18.jpg)
23. What is independent assortment? Each of the chromosome pairs separate independently of the others (like flipping a coin each time to determine which one to use)
![24 What is a mutation Any change in an organisms DNA Happens naturally and 24. What is a mutation? Any change in an organisms DNA. Happens naturally and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-19.jpg)
24. What is a mutation? Any change in an organisms DNA. Happens naturally and randomly
![25 Mutations may or may not affect the expression of a gene Why 25. Mutations may or may not affect the expression of a gene. Why? •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-20.jpg)
25. Mutations may or may not affect the expression of a gene. Why? • It may not change the amino acid it codes for (there are multiple combinations that code for same amino acid) • It may be a mutation in area of DNA that does not code for proteins
![26 What are sex chromosomes and what combinations would result in a boy or 26. What are sex chromosomes and what combinations would result in a boy or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0a0fb9827888dfc1b05649eb0c6cb1a2/image-21.jpg)
26. What are sex chromosomes and what combinations would result in a boy or a girl? Girl = XX Boy = XY 23 rd pair of chromosomes in humans
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