1 Welcome Thanks for joining us ITRCs Internetbased
1 Welcome – Thanks for joining us. ITRC’s Internet-based Training Program Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities ITRC Technical and Regulatory Guidance Document: Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically Contaminated Facilities (RAD-5, 2008) Sponsored by: Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (www. itrcweb. org) Hosted by: US EPA Clean Up Information Network (www. cluin. org)
2 Housekeeping u u Course time is 2¼ hours Phone line participants u Move through slides • Arrow icons at top of • Do NOT put this call on hold • *6 to mute; *7 to unmute u u Question & Answer breaks • Phone - unmute *7 to ask question out loud • Simulcast - ? icon at top to type in a question Turn off any pop-up blockers screen • List of slides on left u u u Feedback form available from last slide – please complete before leaving This event is being recorded Archives accessed for free http: //cluin. org/live/archive/ Go to slide 1 Move back 1 slide Move forward 1 slide Go to last slide Download slides as PPT or PDF Go to seminar homepage Submit comment or question Report technical problems
3 ITRC Disclaimer and Copyright Although the information in this ITRC training is believed to be reliable and accurate, the training and all material set forth within are provided without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of the accuracy, currency, or completeness of information contained in the training or the suitability of the information contained in the training for any particular purpose. ITRC recommends consulting applicable standards, laws, regulations, suppliers of materials, and material safety data sheets for information concerning safety and health risks and precautions and compliance with then-applicable laws and regulations. ECOS, ERIS, and ITRC shall not be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages arising out of the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process discussed in ITRC training, including claims for damages arising out of any conflict between this the training and any laws, regulations, and/or ordinances. ECOS, ERIS, and ITRC do not endorse or recommend the use of, nor do they attempt to determine the merits of, any specific technology or technology provider through ITRC training or publication of guidance documents or any other ITRC document. Copyright 2010 Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 445, Washington, DC 20001
4 ITRC (www. itrcweb. org) – Shaping the Future of Regulatory Acceptance u u Host organization Network u • • • State regulators § All 50 states, PR, DC • Federal partners DOE DOD EPA • ITRC Industry Affiliates Program • Academia • Community stakeholders Wide variety of topics u Technologies Approaches Contaminants Sites Products • Technical and regulatory guidance documents • Internet-based and classroom training
5 ITRC Course Topics Planned for 2010 – More information at www. itrcweb. org Popular courses from 2009 u u u u New in 2010 u Decision Framework for Decontamination and Decommissioning of Applying Attenuation Radiologically-Contaminated Facilities Processes to Metals Enhanced Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics and Radionuclides In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethene u LNAPL Part 3: DNAPL Source Zones Evaluating LNAPL Part 1: An Improved Understanding of Remedial Technologies for Achieving Project LNAPL Behavior in the Subsurface Goals LNAPL Part 2: LNAPL Characterization and u Mining Waste Recoverability u Remediation Risk Perchlorate Remediation Technologies Management: An Performance-based Environmental Management Approach to Effective Phytotechnologies Remedial Decisions Protocol for Use of Five Passive Samplers and More Protective Quality Consideration for Munitions Response Cleanups Survey of Munitions Response Technologies Determination/Application of Risk-Based Values ITRC 2 -day Classroom Training: Use of Risk Assessment in Vapor Intrusion Pathway Management of Contaminated Sites
6 Meet the ITRC Instructors Ann Charles Robert Storms New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection Trenton, New Jersey 609 -984 -9752 ann. charles@ dep. state. nj. us TDEC/DOE-O Oak Ridge, Tennessee 865 -481 -0995 Robert. Storms@tn. gov Stuart Walker Rose Weissman U. S. EPA Washington, D. C. 703 -548 -5300 walker. stuart@ epa. gov Kleinfelder Newburgh, New York 845 -567 -6530 rweissman@ kleinfelder. com
7 ITRC Radionuclides Team u u u Facilitate the cleanup of radioactively contaminated federal facilities Fostering dialogue between states, stakeholders, federal agencies Increase awareness of issues and procedures at sites in other states Encourage regulatory cooperation Share technological successes and approaches Current state members • Colorado, New Jersey, Ohio, Tennessee, Washington
8 ITRC Radionuclides Team Products u Guidance Documents and Internet-based training Details available in Links page at end of presentation or directly at www. itrcweb. org
9 Why We Are Here Today. . . u u Discuss regulatory environment for decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) Explain factors in implementing D&D Describe available tools for D&D • Technologies • Online risk calculators Share accumulated D&D operational experience
10 Who Will Benefit from This Training. . . u u Regulators • States • U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Site owners/operators • DOE sites • Do. D sites • Commercial reactors • Medical research facilities dealing with Rads Contractors and consultants Community stakeholders
11 Presentation Overview u u Module 1: Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D Module 2: Factors for Implementing D&D Module 3: Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) Calculators Module 4: Case Studies and Lessons Learned
12 Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities MODULE 1: 1 Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D
13 Module 1: Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D u In this module, you will learn about • Definitions • Types of facilities undergoing decontamination and • • decommissioning (D&D) Process outline Regulatory organizations D&D under the Atomic Energy Act D&D under CERCLA
14 Definitions u Decontamination u Decommissioning u Deactivation, demolition, dismantlement D&D activities at Rocky Flats Site, CO
15 Radioactive Waste Management Definitions High-level waste u Transuranic waste u Low-level waste u Mixed waste u Special case waste u Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) u Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) u
16 Radioactive Waste Management: Mixed Waste u u u Mixed waste contains both radioactive and hazardous waste Regulatory framework • Hazardous waste regulated by EPA or authorized states under Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) • Radioactive waste regulated by NRC or DOE under Atomic Energy Act (AEA) • EPA has regulatory authority to address radionuclides under CERCLA for onsite responses Waste handlers need to comply with both RCRA and AEA regulations
17 Types of Facilities Undergoing D&D u Federal government • Approximately 20, 000 nuclear weapons research and development facilities • > 80 EPA National Priorities List sites with radiological contamination u Commercial nuclear energy industry • Approximately 100 nuclear power reactors and 250 research reactors u Thousands of licensed commercial facilities • Medical, pharmaceutical, research
18 D&D Process Outline 1. Planning D&D of the facility • Future land use ? Cleanup levels ? 2. Performing D&D of the facility • Modifications to the remediation plan? 3. Closure / transfer of the facility • Long-term surveillance and maintenance ?
19 Regulatory Organizations Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) u Department of Energy (DOE) u Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) u Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) u
20 Regulatory Organizations - Agreement States
21 D&D Requirements under the Atomic Energy Act – DOE u u Real Property Asset Management, Order 430. 1 B Implementation guides Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets, Order 413. 3 Operational Readiness Review (ORR) Workers treating radioactive sludge at Hanford Site, following ORR
22 D&D Requirements under the Atomic Energy Act – NRC u Dose-based radiological criteria for license termination u Standard Review Plan for Evaluating Nuclear Power Reactor License Termination Plans (NUREG-1700) u Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance (NUREG-1757) u Agreement States Susquehanna, PA power reactor
23 Decommissioning Process under the Atomic Energy Act – DOE and NRC Deactivation u Decontamination u Dismantlement u Demolition u Surveillance and maintenance u Rocky Flats Site before D&D activities
24 Decommissioning Paths under the Atomic Energy Act – DOE End State = vision for the site at the end of the cleanup effort u Reflects planned future land use u Protective consistent with that land use u Iterative process u Rocky Flats Site post-D&D
25 Decommissioning Paths under the Atomic Energy Act – NRC DECON u SAFSTOR u ENTOMB u Entombed reactor at Piqua, OH
26 D&D Requirements under CERCLA u CERCLA and the National Contingency Plan (NCP) • Release or threat of release u EPA - DOE Joint Policy, 1995 u EPA - NRC Memorandum of Understanding, 2002 u Risk based cleanup levels Hanford Site before remedial and D&D activities
27 D&D Process under CERCLA u Remedial sequence • National Priorities List (NPL) • Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study • Record of Decision • Remedial Design Remedial Action • Long Term Surveillance and Maintenance • Deletion from NPL u Short-term response actions Remedial activities at Hanford Site
28 D&D Paths under CERCLA Acceptable risk level depends on reasonably anticipated future land use u Institutional controls u • Legal controls u Engineering controls • Physical controls Restricted land use requires periodic reviews to ensure remedy remains protective u Evaluating ecological effects u
29 Module 1: Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D – Recap Definitions u Types of facilities undergoing D&D u Process outline u Regulatory organizations u D&D under the Atomic Energy Act u D&D under CERCLA u
30 Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities MODULE 2: 2 Factors for Implementing D&D
31 Module 2: Factors for Implementing D&D – Outline u Cost/Program Management u Technology u Health and Safety
32 Cost/Program Management u Major cost elements in a D&D project • • D&D Plan development Removal of equipment from the structures Construction and operation of support facilities Decontamination and/or removal of empty structures • Waste management • Contracting and project management
33 Cost/PM - D&D Plan Development u Prior to D&D, need to have • • Detailed planning Order of events D&D plan Documents Financial considerations u Future use of a facility u
34 Removal of Equipment and Materials Active surveillance and monitoring (S&M) program needed until the contamination is controlled or contained u Decisions – segregation/decontamination u Economics of reuse u • Best to use existing buildings as support facilities for personnel and operations
35 Waste Management Large quantities u Characterization u Aggressive waste minimization efforts u • Decontamination u Bottlenecks
36 Project Management Considerations u Requires management structure that is • • u Streamlined Orderly Responsive Focused on safety and cost containment Many lessons can be learned
37 Technology u Technologies presented are • Readily available • Have been used for D&D Selection is representative not comprehensive u Technologies are not endorsed by ITRC u
38 Types of Technology Site Characterization/ Verification Sampling u Decontamination u Contamination Control u Cutting and Sizing u Solids Removal u Liquids Removal u Robotics u Large Structure Demolition u Waste Sampling for Disposition u Packaging and Transportation u Work Monitoring u
39 Technologies Highlighted in this Presentation Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) and Environmental Measurement While Drilling (EMWD) u Hydrolasing u Chemical Decontamination u Radioactive Tank Cleaning System u Polyurethane Foam u
40 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) and Environmental Measurement While Drilling (EMWD) Environmental sampling using HDD at Building 865 at Rocky Flats.
41 Hydrolasing Hydrolase System at work at Rocky Flats Site, Colorado removing contaminated paint and underlying surface contamination
42 Chemical Decontamination A scrub brush is used during the second phase of the decontamination process
43 Radioactive Tank Cleaning System Workers introduce the remote-controlled track vehicle that will remove sludge from a waste tank at Rocky Flats.
44 Polyurethane Foam Spraying structural foam into waste containers such as cargo containers allows waste to be transported safely with no load shifting, tipping or sliding resulting in no damage to the transport container.
45 Additional Technologies Bioremediation of Oils/Water u Plasma Arc Cutting u Ultra High Pressure Water Jet – Cutting u Remote In-situ Size Reduction u Raschig Ring Vacuum System u Vac & Ship System u Harmonic Delamination u Just a few you will find in the Radionuclides Team’s Technical/Regulatory Guidance, Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities (RAD-5, 2008)
46 Health and Safety Addressed by a complex set of technical and managerial practices u Radiological risks u Many non-radiological risks u Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations u State occupational safety and health program regulations u Careful, systematic planning u Much accumulated experience u
47 Radiological and Non-Radiological Hazards u Radiological hazards • • u External exposure Ingestion and inhalation Criticality Breach of containment Non-radiological hazards • • Fire Explosions Toxic materials Electrical and physical hazards
48 Health and Safety Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Regulatory Framework Key Personnel Hazard Assessment Training Requirements Personal Protective Equipment Extreme Temperature Disorders or Conditions Medical Surveillance
49 Health and Safety Plan (continued) 8. Exposure Monitoring/Air Sampling 9. Site Control 10. Decontamination 11. Emergency Response/Contingency Plan Background 12. Emergency Action Plan 13. Confined Space Entry 14. Spill Containment
50 Integrated Safety Management - DOE Approach u ISM defined by continuous five-step process • • • Define the scope of work Analyze the hazards Develop and implement hazard controls Perform work within controls Provide feedback and continuous improvement
51 Integrated Safety Management – Eight Guiding Principles 1. Line management responsibility for safety 2. Clear roles and responsibilities 3. Competence commensurate with responsibilities 4. Balanced priorities 5. Identification of safety standards/requirements 6. Hazard controls tailored to work performed 7. Operations authorization 8. Worker involvement
52 Module 2: Factors for Implementing D&D – Conclusions/Wrap-up Cost u Technology u Health & Safety u Land Use / Social Values u Risk u
53 Questions & Answers Module 1: Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D Module 2: Factors for Implementing D&D Question and Answer Break Module 3: Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) Calculators Module 4: Case Studies and Lessons Learned
54 Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities MODULE 3: 3 EPA CERCLA Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) Calculators for Decontamination and Decommissioning
55 EPA CERCLA PRG Calculators for D&D u PRGs for the Superfund program are • Concentrations based on Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs) • Risk-based concentrations, derived from equations combining standardized exposure assumptions with EPA toxicity data u PRGs are not de facto cleanup standards and should not be applied as such
56 What are Risk-Based PRGs? u They are contaminant levels considered by the EPA to be protective for humans (including most sensitive groups), over a lifetime. u PRGs role in site "screening" is to help identify areas, contaminants, and conditions that do not require further attention at a particular site.
57 Recommended Approach for Developing PRGs Identify PRGs at scoping u Modify them as needed at the end of the Remedial Investigation (RI) or during the Feasibility Study (FS) based on site-specific information from the baseline risk assessment, and u Ultimately select remediation levels in the Record of Decision (ROD) u
58 Buildings – BPRG Calculator for Radionuclides u Preliminary Remediation Goals for Radionuclides in Buildings (BPRG) calculator • http: //epa-bprg. ornl. gov/ u Establish 1 x 10 -6 risk based PRGs • For inside radioactively contaminated buildings
59 Outside Surfaces – SPRG Calculator for Radionuclides u Preliminary Remediation Goals for Radionuclides in Outside Surfaces (SPRG) calculator • http: //epa-sprg. ornl. gov/ u Establish 1 x 10 -6 risk based PRGs • For radioactively contaminated outside hard surfaces • For example, slabs, pavement, sidewalks, and sides off buildings
60 BPRG and SPRG Calculators for Radionuclides u Based on the carcinogenicity (risk-based) of the analytes • In general, only uranium is considered significant for non-carcinogenic toxicity u Quantities expressed • In units of activity (e. g. , p. Ci) • In addition to units of mass (e. g. , mg) for volumetric contamination u Does not address non-human health endpoints such as ecological impacts
61 Calculating Radionuclide PRGs u These two calculation tools provide the ability to • Generate generic PRGs based on standard default exposure parameters • Modify the standard default exposure parameters to calculate site-specific PRGs u In order to set PRGs in a site-specific context, we need • • Information on the radionuclides that are present onsite Specific contaminated media Land-use assumptions Assumptions behind pathways of individual exposure
62 Preliminary Remediation Goals for Radionuclides in Buildings (BPRG): Riskbased Calculation http: //epa-bprg. ornl. gov/
63 BPRG Rad Calculator – Risk-Based BPRG Selection 1) Please select Building’s PRGs and analytes you wish to search: q q Residential Commercial/Industrial: Indoor Worker 2) Please select desired units option: q q p. Ci/g Bq/g
64 BPRG Rad Calculator – Risk-Based BPRG Selection 3) Radionuclides 4) q q 5) q q Get Default BPRGs Calculate Site-specific BPRGs You must select one of the following output options: View on Screen Tab delimited file
65 Settled Dust BPRG Calculation Total Risk from Settled Dust = Risk from Direct Ingestion of radionuclides in dust (SFo X intake from direct ingestion of dust) + Risk from External Radiation from gammaemitting of radionuclides in dust (SFe X concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in dust)
66 Settled Dust – Residential Exposure Routes Dust
67 Residential Settled Dust BPRG Equation Where: TR - target risk level (unitless) t - time/duration over which the radionuclide decays (years) Lambda (λ) - defined as 0. 693/radionuclide half life ED - exposure duration (years)
68 BPRG Settled Dust Parameters That May be Modified TR – target excess individual lifetime cancer risk (unitless) u ED – exposure duration (yr) u t – duration of radionuclide decay (yr) u IF - age-adjusted dust ingestion factor (cm 2 yr/day) u EF - exposure frequency (days per 365 days) (unitless) u ET – exposure time (hr/day) u Fin - fraction of time the receptor spends indoors (unitless) u
69 BPRG Settled Dust Parameters That May be Modified (continued) Fi – fraction of time the receptor spends in compartment (unitless) u K – dissipation rate (years-1) u FAM – area and material factor (unitless) u FOFF-SET – off-set factor (unitless) u FTSS – fraction transferred from surfaces to skin (unitless) u SE – saliva extraction factor (unitless) u SA – surface area of fingers (cm 2) u FQ – frequency of hand to mouth (events/hour) u
70 Ambient Air BPRG Calculation Total Risk from Ambient Air = Risk from Inhalation of radionuclides in air (SFi X inhalation of volatiles and suspended particulates) + Risk from External Radiation from gamma-emitting of radionuclides in air (SFe X concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in air)
71 Ambient Air – Indoor Worker Exposure Routes
72 Residential Ambient Air BPRG Equation: u Additional Parameters that may be modified • GSF – gamma shielding factor (unitless) • IR – inhalation rate (m 3/day)
73 3 -D Direct External Exposure BPRG Calculation Total risk from 3 -D Direct External Exposure = Risk from external radiation from gammaemitting radionuclides (SFe X Concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in or on walls, ceiling, and floor)
74 3 -D Direct External – Residential Routes of Exposure
75 Residential 3 -D Direct External Exposure BPRG Equation u Additional Parameters that may be modified • Select room size – 5 room size choices (ft wall x ft ceiling) • Select room position – 4 choices for location of receptor in room
76 Preliminary Remediation Goals for Radionuclides in Outside Surfaces (SPRG): Risk-based Calculation http: //epa-sprg. ornl. gov/
77 SPRG Rad Calculator – Risk-Based SPRG Selection 1) Please select Surface’s PRGs and analytes you wish to search: q q q Residential Indoor Worker Outdoor Worker 2) Please select desired units option: q q p. Ci/g Bq/g
78 SPRG Rad Calculator – Risk-Based SPRG Selection 3) Radionuclides 4) q q q 5) q q Get Default SPRGs Calculate State-specific SPRGs Calculate Site-specific SPRGs You must select one of the following output options: View on Screen Tab delimited file
79 Particulate Emission Factor – Wind Driven (Needed for Contamination on Surfaces for Residential, Outdoor Worker, and/or Indoor Worker land uses) q q q q City (Climatic Zone) As (acres) B (dispersion constant) unitless Q/C (inverse of the mean conc. at the center of a 0. 5 -acresquare source) g/m 2 -s per k g/m 3 V (fraction of vegetative cover) unitless Um (mean annual windspeed) m/s Ut (equivalent threshold value of windspeed at 7 m) m/s F(x) (function dependent on Um/Ut) unitless
80 U. S. Climatic Zones for Calculating Particulate Emission Factor
81 Particulate Emission Factor – Mechanically Driven (Needed for Contamination on Surfaces for Residential, Outdoor Worker, and/or Indoor Worker land uses) This is equation for default for Paved Public Roads.
82 Particulate Emission Factor – Mechanically Driven (continued) (Needed for Contamination on Surfaces for Residential, Outdoor Worker, and/or Indoor Worker land uses) q Q/C (inverse of the mean conc. at the center of a 0. 5 -acresquare source) g/m 2 -s per k g/m 3 q LR (length of road segment) ft q WR (width of road segment) ft q s (road surface silt content) % q Mdry (road surface material moisture content under dry, uncontrolled conditions) % q p (number of days per year with at least 0. 01 inches of precipitation q km/trip q trips/day q days/week q weeks/yr Unique Parameter for Dirt Roads q Speed of Vehicle
83 Particulate Emission Factor – Mechanically Driven (continued) (Needed for Contamination on Surfaces for Residential, Outdoor Worker, and/or Indoor Worker land uses) State-specific q Select a state q Select a geographic setting (urban or rural) q Select a roadway class (6 choices) or Site-specific q # of cars q # of trucks q Tons of cars q Tons of trucks
84 Contamination on Surfaces SPRG Calculation Total Risk from Contamination on Surfaces = Risk from Direct Ingestion of radionuclides in dust (SFo X intake from direct ingestion of dust) + Risk from External Radiation from gamma-emitting of radionuclides in dust (SFe X concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in dust) + Risk from Wind Blown Dust Inhalation (SFi X inhalation of volatiles and suspended particulates) + Risk from Mechanically Resuspended Dust Inhalation (SFi X inhalation of volatiles and suspended particulates)
85 Contamination on Surfaces – Residential Routes of Exposure
86 Residential Contamination on Surfaces SPRG Equation
87 3 -D Direct External Exposure SPRG Calculation Total Risk from 3 -D Direct External Exposure = Risk from External Radiation from gamma-emitting of radionuclides in dust (SFe X concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in dust)
88 3 -D Direct External Exposure – Worker Routes of Exposure
89 Residential 3 -D Direct External Exposure SPRG Equation u Unique Parameters that may be modified • Select a building size – 5 building height choices (ft) • Select a sidewalk/street position – 3 choices for location of receptor on sidewalk or street
90 2 -D Direct External Exposure SPRG Calculation Total Risk from 2 -D Direct External Exposure = Risk from External Radiation from gamma-emitting of radionuclides in dust (SFe X concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in dust)
91 2 -D Direct External Exposure – Indoor Worker Routes of Exposure
92 Residential 2 -D Direct External Exposure SPRG Equation u Unique Parameters that may be modified: • Select a slab size – 8 slab size choices (square meters)
93 Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides in Buildings (BDCCs) http: //epa-bdcc. ornl. gov/
94 Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides in Outside Surfaces (SDCCs) http: //epa-sdcc. ornl. gov/
95 Variations between ARAR Dose Calculators and Risk Calculators u ARAR Dose Calculator computes a Target Dose Limit using Dose Conversion Factors (DCFs) instead of Slope Factors (or sometimes inhalation unit risk in inhalation scenario) • Dose = (DCF) X (radionuclide concentration in air) X (breathing rate) X (exposure duration) u ARAR Dose Calculator uses same basic equations for back-calculating a BPRG/SPRG from an ARAR dose limit • Dose limit = DCF X Concentration of Radionuclides in media (BPRG/SPRG) X Exposure • BPRG/SPRG = Dose limit/(DCF X Exposure)
96 Decontamination and Decommissioning of Radiologically. Contaminated Facilities MODULE 4: 4 Case Studies and Lessons Learned
97 Module 4: Case Studies and Lessons Learned Fernald Environmental Management Project East Tennessee Technology Park Radium Chemical Company, Inc.
98 Fernald Environmental Management Project, Ohio u History u Operations u Challenges
99 Fernald Environmental Management Project, Ohio Consent Agreement and ROD u Five operable areas • Four considered “source” areas • One “environmental media” area u ROD allowed for on-site and off-site disposal
100 Fernald Environmental Management Project, Ohio Site-Specific Challenges u u u Shutdown status Presence of inventoried wastes Nature of contaminants
101 Fernald Environmental Management Project, Ohio Lessons Learned Visual acceptance criteria u Implosion u Demolition practices u Stormwater and waste water controls u Dust and erosion controls u
102 Fernald Environmental Management Project, Ohio End State u October 2006 completion u On-going groundwater remediation u Perpetual surveillance and maintenance u Wildlife habitats restored
103 East Tennessee Technology Park, Tennessee ►History ►Operations ►Challenges
104 East Tennessee Technology Park, Tennessee u ETTP Three-Building D&D and Recycle Project • Building K-29 • Building K-31 • Building K-33
105 East Tennessee Technology Park, Tennessee Site-Specific Challenges Shutdown status u Presence of inventoried wastes u Regulatory changes u Nature of contaminants u
106 East Tennessee Technology Park, Tennessee Lessons Learned u u u Direct contract management for D&D, safety, security and project oversight Supercompaction Facility Waste management procedures Regulatory and policy changes from DOE Continuous presence of technical team Project scheduling
107 East Tennessee Technology Park, Tennessee End State “Reindustrialization” project u Heritage Center u • 125 buildings available for industrial tenants u Horizon Center • 1, 000 -acre Greenfield site u Plans to release to the public sector in 2010
108 Radium Chemical Company, Inc. , New York u History u Operations u Challenges
109 Radium Chemical Co. , NY Site-Specific Challenges u Sensitive receptors u Quantity of material u Nature of material
110 Radium Chemical Co. , NY Immediate Actions Placed on National Priorities List u US EPA mobilized for removal actions u • Radioactive needles/tubes • Non-rad wastes, flammables, poisons, chemicals and rad-contaminated debris/tools • Elemental mercury
111 Radium Chemical Company, Inc. , NY End State Deleted from NPL in 1995 u Disposal of multiple waste streams including u • • • u 812 tons rad contaminated soil and debris 92 tons mixed wastes 500 lbs of elemental mercury 45 tons elemental lead 20 tons structural steel Property released for unrestricted use after demolition complete
112 Case Study Lessons Learned u Proper planning prevents poor performance u Keep things real(time) u Manage your waste u Keep things safe
113 Presentation Wrap Up u u Module 1: Introduction and Regulatory Basis for D&D Module 2: Factors for Implementing D&D Module 3: Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) Calculators Module 4: Case Studies and Lessons Learned
114 Thank You for Participating u 2 nd question and answer break u Links to additional resources • http: //www. clu-in. org/conf/itrc/radsdd/resource. cfm u Feedback form – please complete • http: //www. clu-in. org/conf/itrc/radsdd/feedback. cfm Need confirmation of your participation today? Fill out the feedback form and check box for confirmation email.
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