1 We are usually referring to species diversity

1 We are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes A. Increase the efficiency and productivity of a system because all niches are filled. B. Allow an individual organism to adapt to its changing environment. C. Are necessary for a population to evolve in a changing environment. D. Lead to diverse ecological processes in a biological community. E. Are important for a balanced ecosystem. Students type their answers here

Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of 2 A. Different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem B. Different versions of the same gene in an ecological community C. Sizes, colors, and shapes of organisms within an ecological community D. Niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community E. Different species in an ecosystem Students type their answers here

3 Use the following scenario: Your friend is upset because his conception of what a species has been challenged. His professor told him that there are some problems associated with the common way that a species is identified. Your friend learned what a species was while in high school and it was reinforced during his first year in college. He also refers to the third chapter in your environmental science book for this definition. Your friend wonders if this professor knows what she is talking about. You explain to him that there really are some problems associated with the common way that a species is defined and you think that this professor is correct. The common way that a species is defined in biology (the way it is defined in Chapter 3) is in terms of reproductive isolation. This means that all organisms that are similar enough to A. B. C. D. E. Produce fertile offspring in nature Look alike Fill the same niche Occupy the same community Live together Students type their answers here

4 Use the following scenario: Your friend is upset because his conception of what a species has been challenged. His professor told him that there are some problems associated with the common way that a species is identified. Your friend learned what a species was while in high school and it was reinforced during his first year in college. He also refers to the third chapter in your environmental science book for this definition. Your friend wonders if this professor knows what she is talking about. You explain to him that there really are some problems associated with the common way that a species is defined and you think that this professor is correct. You also mentioned to your friend that a new tool, DNA sequencing technology, is radically changing the way species are identified. In fact, some groups that were originally thought to be far apart now seem to be closely related. Which of the following statements does not reflect the implications of using this new tool? A. B. genetics C. D. E. This tool will end the debate of what is or is not a species This tool allows us to see how closely related species are in terms of their This tool helps us better understand molecular evolution This tool helps us better understand how species actually originate This tool helps us judge genetic diversity Students type their answers here

5 Approximately how many species have been identified on Earth? A. B. C. D. E. About 500, 000 A little less than 1 million A little more than 1. 7 million A little more than 3 million About 30 million Students type their answers here

6 The total number of living species is probably A. B. C. D. E. About 450, 000 Between 500, 000 and 1 million Between 3 million and 50 million Between 75 and 95 million At least 300 million Students type their answers here

7 Which of the following drugs is NOT derived from a naturally occurring organism? A. B. C. D. E. Penicillin Aspirin Cortisone Morphine Tetracycline Students type their answers here

8 An important drug for treating Hodgkin's disease was discovered in a periwinkle native to ______ and is valued at approximately _____ per year. A. B. C. D. E. Madagascar; $150– 300 million Sri Lanka; $150 million New Guinea; $1– 15 million Costa Rica; $15 million Greenland; $200 million Students type their answers here

9 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biodiversity for humans? A. B. C. D. E. Ecological services Aesthetics Drugs and medicines Food Reducing air pollution Students type their answers here

10 The pharmaceutical industry has an interest in preventing species extinction because A. B. C. D. E. People are healthier in a healthy environment. Undiscovered species may provide lucrative new drugs. Most taxonomists are drug makers. It wants to increase diversity in North America. They see the benefits of eco-design. Students type their answers here

11 Extinction is the term used when all members of a species A. B. C. D. E. Disappear in a locality Die Live in zoos Are threatened with imminent habitat loss Are in danger of disappearing in a locality Students type their answers here

12 The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is A. Uncontrolled sport hunting in the developed world B. Commercial harvesting of wildlife in Africa C. Drought conditions caused by the greenhouse effect D. Habitat destruction worldwide E. None of these by themselves cause high rates of animal extinctions, but together they combine to cause high rates Students type their answers here

13 "Exotic" is another word for A. B. C. D. E. Tropical Foreign Rare Beautiful Desirable Students type their answers here

14 Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n) A. B. C. D. Decrease in biodiversity Reduction in the number of introduced species Increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations More stable environment Students type their answers here

15 What makes an exotic species become and invasive species? A. When individuals begins to colonize new areas and out-compete native species. B. When they become annoying to people. C. When individuals stop being only ornamental but are used for other purposes also. D. All exotic species are also invasive. Students type their answers here

16 Carp species were introduced to the United States A. B. C. D. E. As a food source To control aquatic vegetation and algae To increase angling opportunities From Africa For increased food production

17 The high rate of poaching of rhinoceros is due mostly to A. The belief in medicinal value of their horns for 'traditional' medicines B. Overharvesting for their meat and hide C. Introduction of exotic species that compete for their food D. Habitat destruction E. All of these have contributed equally to the decrease in the rhinoceros population Students type their answers here

18 Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is FALSE? A. B. C. trade D. E. The principal importers of endangered species are developed countries Coral reefs are not affected by the endangered species trade People who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the The principal exporters of endangered species are developing countries Up to 60 percent of birds die before reaching market

19 The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered species is because A. We consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting and desirable B. Worldwide, there are relatively few invertebrates when compared to plants C. It is extremely difficult to identify and count invertebrates D. Since there are 532 invertebrates considered endangered, none of these is true E. Invertebrates are more numerous and the relative percentages are similar

20 The objective of a species recovery plan is to A. Interbreed threatened species with common species B. Increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered C. Invest corporate capital in species maintenance D. Study the species for a better understanding of its role in the biological community E. Protect the species to aid other organisms and resources in the ecosystem Students type their answers here