1 Variation and evolution HW 1 Cover page
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1. - Variation and evolution HW 1: Cover page of chapter 1 – Big title + picture. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Objectives 1. - To understand the concepts of variation, evolution, and adaptation, including several examples of how they are related. 2. - To differenciate sexual and asexual reproduction, and their effect on evolutionary processes. 3. - Analyze Evo Devo cases. 4. - To identify the different theoretical approaches that led to the idea of survival of the fittest. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Vocabulary (Homework) Adaptation Camouflage Conservation biology Evo devo Extinction Inheritance Mimicry Natural selection Niche Protective coloration Protective resemblance Sexual and non sexual reproduction Variation HW 2: Most of this vocabulary is on p. 810. You must google up the other definitions. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Introduction How old is the Earth? R/ According to the Bible’s genealogies of Genesis the creation of the earth took place on Sunday, October 23 rd, 4004 B. C. According to science? R/ About 4, 5 billion years ago. More info? Visit http: //godandscience. org/youngearth/age_of_the_earth. html www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
18 billion years in 6 minutes Complete the timeline: 14 BYA Milky way Formation 4, 6 BYA …. . …… Earth’s birth Plants grow Life appears 5 BYA from now Now Death of Sun www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Definition Evolution = Gradual change HW 3: Not only livint things have changed. So has the Earth: Go to p. 497 and copy the map of Gondwana with the Glossopteris fossil remains.
What caused the invention of sex on earth? Before sex, there were only non-sexually-reproducting organisms. Can you imagine what was the world like then? - More CO 2 Little amounts of O 2 Photosynthetic bacteria More than 3. 000 million years with single-celled life forms (Very slow evolution). www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Variation Members of the same species are not all exactly the same. Differences between individuals from the same species are called variation. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Questions Make a list of five kinds of variation between dogs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Suggest why scientists say that they belong to the same species. ____________________________________________________ www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Variation There are two kinds of variation within a species (continuous and discontinuous). The environment can affect the variation in a species. Handout: Frequency diagrams www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
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Exercise 1 What kind of variation does this chart display? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Exercise 2 How about this one? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck believed that organisms evolved by passing acquired characteristics to their offspring. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
August Weissmann cut off the tails of 901 mice to disprove theory of heredity of an acquired characteristic. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Charles Darwin studied variation in birds at the Galapagos islands. Learn more about Darwin’s life on https: //www. biography. com/people/charles-darwin-9266433 HW 4: Do the Mini. Lab section on p. 813. Answer only questions 1, 2, 3. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
What is evolution? - Full definition: Main “ingredients”: How is DNA linked to evolution? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Watch this video about Darwin’s fantastic voyage.
HW 5: Go to p. 812. Analyze the sunflower diagram. Is there any difference with the giraffes? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
He came to the conclusion that species evolved from a common ancestor. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
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Variation, Inheritance and Evolution 1. - What causes variation? 2. - What are genes? How many kinds of genes exist? 3. - % of ≠ between humans, and chimps = …… www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
What is adaptation? Over time, organisms with successful adaptations survive more than other organisms. Their offspring inherit these adaptations. Adaptations can be structural, functional or behavioral. Types of adaptations structural functional HW 6: Read about adaptations on p. 813 -814 and complete the chart. behavioral www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Selective breeding By choosing among the offspring of domesticated animals, which ones would be used for reproduction, people have been able to alter some characteristics for their own benefit. Homework: Evolution research project www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Selective breeding It helps us make: Better beef – Selecting for the best texture. Better wool/leather - The finest leather or wool Better milk – Choosing cows that milk the most Better chickens – Bigger eggs Better wheat – Growing disease resistant wheat Better flowers – The biggest and most colourful ones www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Next class: Quiz about evolution, variation and adaptations. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
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Convergence or divergence? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Evo Devo (Evolutionary Development) It compares the developmental processes of organisms to infer their ancestral relationships. Starting with E. Haeckel, who stated: “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” Embrio Development Race, Species Meaning that mammal embryos look like their ancestors as they grow (True or False? ). www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Evo Devo How do you imagine the song “Despacito” sung by an evolutionary biologist? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Evolution is a branching process. The point where two branches split is the common ancestor of two species. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
The dichotomous key. Taxonomy is the science of classifying of living things. A dichotomous key is a tool that allows users to identify organisms in a systematic way. Let’s practice with bugs… www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Dichotomous keys always offer two choices for each step, each of which describes key characteristics of an organism. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Fossils. They tell us about how life has developed over time. Finding fossils is difficult because so many factors are required to preserve remains. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
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Because life decomposes fully, there are many gaps in the fossil record. New discoveries are found every year, and the gaps fill in quickly, giving us a clearer picture of how life has changed over time. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
An evolutionary timeline. (Make it a graphic) - The Earth is about 4, 6 BY-old (billion years). - Life appeared over 3 BY ago. - Eukaryotic Ȼ appeared about 2 BY ago. - Smaller prokaryotic Ȼ took residence inside larger Ȼ to become mitochondria or chloroplasts. - Multi Ȼ organisms appeared 1 BY ago. - Larger animals and plants have been evolving during the past 500 MY. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
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A long, interesting URL An interactive timeline that shows every single event from big bang until now. http: //www. chronozoom. com/#/t 0000 -0000 -00000000/t 48 fbb 8 a 8 -7 c 5 d-49 c 3 -83 e 198939 ae 2 ae 67/td 4809 be 4 -3 cf 9 -4 ddd-9703 -3 ca 24 e 4 d 3 a 26@x=0&y=8. 826833205477507 e 17&w=1. 032258064516129&h=2. 5079717736725984 Handout: Geologic Time Scale Chart www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
What caused the Cambrian explosion? (12 min. ) - Write down three hypotheses that could explain the massive extinction event that lead to this age. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
New species. A new species forms when a group of individuals remains isolated long enough to develop new traits. We know something is a new species when it is unable to breed with the species it originally came from. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
How evolution works (Recap) (Watch out for the porn scene) - Name the four main conditions. - What is an ecological niche? www. laarboledascience. weebly. com
Quiz at home: http: //bigpictureeducation. com/survival-fittest-evolution-quiz This quiz is self-corrected automatically, any wrong answer leads to a link where you can learn more about each question. www. laarboledascience. weebly. com