1 Types of nucleic acids NUCLEIC ACIDS a

1. Types of nucleic acids NUCLEIC ACIDS a. DNA: In nucleus but some in the mitochondria • Replicated to form copy of DNA in cell division; • Transcribed to form RNA proteins b. RNA: In nucleus and mitochondria and cytoplasm. • r. RNA – ribosomal RNA for ribosome for translation of m. RNA to form protein • m. RNA – messenger RNA translated to from protein • mi. RNA – micro. RNA chemically processed to a for than can bind to m. RNA and inhibit translation or to DNA and alter transcription ds-DNA 5’ RNA polymerase I r. RNA gene (in nucleolus) RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase II m. RNA gene t. RNA, mi. RNA genes 3’ Template, -, sense 3’ pre-r. RNA 5’ pre-t. RNA, mi. RNA pre-m. RNA ribosomal subunits Nucleus Nuclear membrane Cytoplasm m. RNA t. RNA mi. RNA 40 s Ribosome during translation Dicer t. RNA A site P site incoming growing amino acid peptide protein 60 s X RISC si. RNA ribosome mitochondrion cell membrane cytoplasm cytosol ds. DNA ribosome subunits lysosome ER bound ribosome m 7 G Signal Recog Part. SRP Receptor m. RNA S-S pre-r. RNA pre-t. RNA pre-mi. RNA t. RNA ER Rough endo. reticulum pre-m. RNA Mitochondrial DNA, RNA ER-attached ribosome S-S free ribosome Translation post-trans modification smooth endoplasmic reticulum free ribosome cell membrane protein Golgi complex peroxisome