1 True nematodes Intestine Ancylostoma caninum A brazilliense
1. True nematodes: Intestine Ancylostoma caninum, A. brazilliense, Anasakis marina, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria phillinensis, C. hepatica, Dirofilaria immitis, Gnathostoma spinirum, Toxocara canis, T. cati, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, Oesophagostomum bifurcum, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Thelazia callipaeda 2. Blood&tissue-dwelling: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
. 1 Cutaneus larval migrans: Ancylostoma caninum A. braziliense Transmission : Filariform larva skin Final hosts : ����� , ��� , ����� Man : Accidental host Creeping eruption ��������� Not develop to adult
����� /���� -final host Adult-intestine Eggs in feces Rhabditiform ~larvae-L 1/2 Filariform larvae-L 3 ~ infective stage Migrans-skin creeping eruption
. 2 Visceral larval migrans : Toxocariasis Toxocara canis, T. cati Final host: ����� , ������ , Hyenas Dogs : Adult intestine, Transplacenta Man : Accidental host, Not develop to adult Infective eggs food, water, and hands Visceral larval migrans
T. canis T. cati
Eggs in feces Infective stage egg ~food/water Blood liver heart/lungs blood spread brain/muscle/eyes ����� &��� Visceral larva migrans
3 rd larvae Human infection with mature eggs
. 3 Trichinosis: Trichinella spiralis Larviparous and whole life cycle in one host Reservoirs : �������� ������� ; ��� , East. Europe, Asia, Eskimo, S. America, S. Africa Infective stage : Encysted 3 rd larva (��� L. 3 ������ )
Geographical distribution Eastern Europe, Asia, Eskimo, South America, South Africa
Rodents ���� /���� -��� /����� encysted L-3 ������ : ������ /�� M&F new borne ) intestine) (larvae) migrans encysted (striated muscle(
. 1 Intestinal stage: ������ Males&Females fertilized larva 2. Migratory stage: Larval migrans in blood circulation 3. Muscular stage: Larval encysted in striated muscle ����� : ������� , Diarrhoea&abdominal pain, ��� (edema)~ ���� /������� , ��������� , macular rash, glomerulonephritis, Eosinophilic myocarditis,
������� : Sings&History in edemic areas Immunological test ELISA/CF ���������� ควบคม Mebendazole Against muscle larvae Levamisol&Pyrantel Adult worms Corticosteroids ������� (���� > 60 o. C( Care on hand, knives, chipping boards No feeding uncooked waste food to pigs
����� : Inter. host ~ ��������� : Reservoir&natural host )���� ( Man : Accidental host ~Adult ; Jejunum �������� , ����
1 2
C. hepatica Liver capillariasis
. 5 Angiostrongyliasis : �������� /������ Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. malaysiensis, A. siamensis Male: bursa copulatrix/Female: ����� ~����� (��������� (
Adult 1 2 . 1 First larva in stool of a rat 3 rd-stage larva from snail. 2
Adult: Arterioles ~������ &���� Oviparous larvae migrans lungs bronchi/esophagus/stomach L-1 in feces L-3 --migrans lungs/brain adult Intermediate hosts: ������� /���� ~ L-3 (infective stage) Man: Paratenic host L-3 not develop adult
L-4/L-5 Definitive hosts/Reservoir L-1(42 -45 days) Paratenic hosts: �� /���� L-2/L-3 : 1 st inter. host L-3 L-3 : �������� /����� ~ ������ /���� /��� Angiostrongyliasis Paratenic hosts
Achatina fulica Pila ampullacea Pila polita Pila scutata
L-3 -3, L-4 blood-���� /����� ~L Incubation: 16 days/upon effected organs Cerebrospinal angiostrongyliasis Eosinophillic miningitis Intraocular angiostrongyliasis Pulmonary angiostrongyliasis ������� : ����� , CSF �������
. 6 Gnathostomiasis : ����� G. spinigerum G. hispidum G. doloresi G. vietnamicum G. malaysiae G. turgidum G. nipponicum G. procyonis
Gnathostoma spinigerum : Oviparous Head bulb, Cervical spine Oval shaped&knob Female Male
Definitive host : dogs/cats/tigers adult in stomach Paratenic host: �� /��� /�� Advance : L-3 Eggs in feces L-1 larvae L-2 larvae ����� 2 nd host ~advance : L-3 larvae ������ (Cyclops) : 1 st inter. host-
Man : Accidental host larvae Penetrate skin Paratenic hosts&2 nd inter. hosts ��� , Cyclob; advance L-3 larval migrans L-3 larvae immature adult in man (paratenic host) Migratory swelling/Eosinophillia Brain Eosinophillic meningitis--death Eyes �����
Cyclops-L-3
L-3 in hemocoel of cyclops
Advance 3 rd-stage larvae in fish muscle
Gastric tumors of cats Cat liver injured by larvae
��������� Migratory swelling skin, subcutaneous Eosinophillic meningitis �������� Hematology : Eosinophile CSF, ������� Autopsy, �����
. 7 Anisakiasis: Anisakis marina 1 st inter. hosts Crustaceus Final hosts : ������� /������ : ����� 2 nd inter. hosts; ������ , ����������� , ������� Paratenic host: Eosinophillic granuloma
Dolphin Krills 2 nd-L 3 rd-L Squid Sea trout Herrings Mackerel Pacific cod
Mackerel Water 3 rd-L Anisakis simplex Adult ~dolphin
Gastric tumor anisakiasis
. 8 Macracanthorhynchiasis Macracanthorhynchus hirunaceus (Thorny-headed worm) Reservoirs : ���� /����� /��� Intermediate host : ������ , ����� �� : Accident host ��������� ลำไสทะล , diarrhea Emaciation, slow growth การรกษา ผาตด Benzimidazoles, praziquantel หลกเลยงการกนแมลงปกแขงดบๆ
Man ~accidental host Pigs �� � ������ cystacanthella ������� ~������ acanthor
Thorny-headed worm
. 9 Moniliformis dubius (Thorny-headed worm( Reservoirs: ������� Intermediate host: ������� Man : Accidental host Clinical sings&Prevention; like M. hirudinaceus
Man~accidental host Excysted ������� Prepatent period~ 5 -6 weeks Eggs+ feaces ������� Cystacanth in body cavity Acanthella ~intestine Acanthor
. 11 Lymphatic Filariasis: ������� Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi Lymphedenma, Elephantiasis, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)
W. bancrofti : man host Vectors : Anopheles sp. , Aedes sp. .
Reservoir: ��� , ���� , ��� , ���� , ��� Vectors : Anopleles, Aedes, Mansoni, Coquillettidae, ���� , �����
W. bancrofti Chyluria
Bru. malayi : man, animal host (zoonosis) Anopheles/Mansoni/Coquillettida Mansoni: ��� , ����� Microfilaria Brugia malayi
����� �: ������ , larviparous~Microfilaria ������� , �������� : blood nocturnal period ����� : Diethyl Carbamazine&Surgery ������� : ����� Mass treatment
�������������� ��������� Toxocara canis and T. cati Ancylostoma caninum Angiostrongylus cantonensi Trichinella spiralis
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