1 The first seafarers who lent at the

1. The first seafarers, who lent at the american coas were Vikings about 1000 years A. D. But for europeans the first discoverer of the New world was Kryštof Kolumbus in 1492. 2. In next centuries the north of america was colonised by Spain, Neederlands, France and Sweden. The biggest importance for American history had English colonization of atlantic coas. After 1664 the Britain got possesion of dutch and part of france´s settlements and created 13 colonies on the coast of the northern America (Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Isladn, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Pennsylvanea, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia)- the basic for future USA. 3. Because Britain intervened in life in colonies, the war for independence broke up in 1775. 4 th July 1776 the declaration of independent was issued and proclaimed the creation of USA. Officialy the war finished later in 1783 when Britain authorized the self-contained state. The USA became the federative state with independant states associated in single Union. 4. In the end of 18 th century the expansion to the south and west started. Next states were received to the union: Vermont, Kentucky, Tenessee, Ohio or Luisiana, which was bought from France. War between USA and Britain still continued because of conflickt of influence in seatrade and territories. USA didn´t win but Britain, which fought with Napoleon didn´t want to invest to this war and both sides concluded. Next state which USA received was for ex. Florida bought by Spain. annexed Texas (added without agreement of local inhabitants) or Kalifornia in a war between America and Mexico. The country still extended.

5. Problems between slavory South and independent North caused civil war and separation of 11 states. The North won in 1865. Virginia split up two parts- west part which wanted to stay in the union created the new state West Virginia. 6. Along the year 1890 the USA became the state with strongest economical force. After the civil war was still spread to the west and till the world war I fifteen new states were created. Moreover the USA bought Alaska from Rusia and in 19 th century it expanded also outside the continent- to the Caribic and Pacific ocean. 7. Americans didn´t participate in the world war the first and fight didn´t intervence their ground a lot. Thought their cooperative with the allies conducet to their win. During the war the industrial production redoubled and USA became the most powerful military power. After the war the state received the control of land of United nations organisation in Pacific ocean.

Because of the United States' large size and wide range of geographic features, nearly every type of climate is represented. The climate is temperate in most areas, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semi-arid in the Great Plains west of the 100 th meridian, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in Coastal California, and arid in the Great Basin. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the continental United States, primarily in the Midwest. The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.

EXTENT In total area (including inland water), Russia and Canada are larger than the United States. Total U. S. area is 3, 718, 711 square miles (9, 631, 418 km 2), of which land is 3, 537, 438 square miles (9, 161, 923 km 2) and water is 181, 273 square miles (469, 495 km 2). NUMBER OF POPULATION over 300 million people.

At the Declaration of Independence, the United States consisted of 13 states, former colonies of the United Kingdom. In the following years, the number of states has grown steadily due to expansion to the west, conquest and purchase of lands by the American government, and division of existing states to the current number of 50 United States:

The Capitol Building of Columbus (Ohio), 1861, Henry Walters, neoclassical style Mission San Xavier del Bac, Arizona, 18 th century Federal Hall, 1830 s, New York, neogrecian style Capitol Building, , Washington DC, 18151830, neoclassical style North facade of the White House, seen from Pennsylvania Avenue. Neogothic facade of Saint Patrick Cathedral, New York

The Mississippi River is the second longest river in the United States, with a length of 2, 320 mil (3, 734 km) from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to its mouth in Gulf of Mexico. The longest is its tributary the Missouri River measuring 2, 341 mi (3, 767 km). The Missouri River is one of the longest rivers in the United States and a tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. The Missouri begins at the confluence of the Madison, Jefferson, and Gallatin rivers in Montana, and flows through its valley south and east into the Mississippi north of St. Louis, Missouri. At 2, 341 mi (3, 767 km)[1] in length, it drains about one-sixth of the North American continent. The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1, 450 mi (2, 330 km) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The natural course of the river flows into the Gulf of California, but the heavy use of the river as an irrigation source for the Imperial Valley has desiccated the lower course of the river in Mexico such that it no longer consistently reaches the sea.

The Sierra Nevada is a mountain range located in the U. S. state of California. In a few places, it overlaps into neighboring Nevada. The range is also known informally as the Sierra, the High Sierra, and the Sierras. The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a broad mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than 4, 800 kilometers (3, 000 miles) from northernmost British Columbia, in Canada, to New Mexico, in the United States. The range's highest peak is Colorado's Mount Elbert at 14, 440 feet (4, 401 meters) above sea level. Though part of North America's Pacific Cordillera, the Rockies are distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges which are located immediately adjacent to the Pacific coast. The Cascade Range is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.

Washington d. c. is capital city of United States Of America, seat chairman and Congress. Name of city arose honour for first chairman USA George Washington. It contain federal territory, known as District of Columbia or for short D. C. In the north and east bordering Maryland in the southwest to Virginia. Natural boundary to Virginia forms river Potomac. In territory D. C. not find skyscraper. Location in USA

Arlington National Cementary More than 290 000 killed soldiers and their dependent on 624 acre of Virginia’s land. Every American soldier has been freedom nurse. There are cementary John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline. White House Famous building which lures to attention and resort. It is seat chairman and is open for public. It has been build in gregorian style.

The United States Capitol It is seat parlaments. This building is famous for bulky cupola with statues Marshalek. Washington monument 169 metres tall white obelisk in Mall. It is one of chairman’s monument built to honour George Washington. Lincoln monument It has been build to honour chairman Abraham Lincoln. Building has form dorian greek cathedral and withindoors is built giant statue of Lincoln.

The U. S is a federal republic, which forms 50 states and DC (District of Columbia). U. S Constitution determinative three standard authorities: 1) Legislative power 2) Judiciary 3) Executive power. House of Representatives and Senate compose the Congress, which constitute ultimate legislative power. The President is leading Judiciary. Highest component Executive power is Supreme Court. Main political parties are: 1) Democratic party ( based 1828) 2) Republican party (based 1854) United States Congress sitting in the Washington, DC – in the Capitol. It is bicameral and has Senate, House of Representatives. Numbers of senators are two, twenty congressmen in the House of Parliament On the present have House of Representatives 435 gentlemen.

Policy Senate composes 100 senators elective on the 6 years. Policy of the U. S composes President, vice-president and 15 ministries. DC has not none senator in the senate. Senate has 16 standing committee, 4 special committee and 4 committee, which has with House of Parliament. Main representatives are: Richard B. Cheney (USA) Robert C. Byrd (Virginia) Harry Reid (Nevada) Mitch Mc. Connell (Kentucky) Chief of State George W. Bush (since the 20. 1. 2001) Vice-president – Richard B. Cheney (since the 20. 1. 2001) Official language in the U. S is English, second most widespread language is Spain. House of Representatives Composes 435 congressmen elective on the two years. Has 25 standing committee and 4 committee, which has with Senate. Main representatives are: Speaker Nancy Pelosi (California) Steny Hoyer (Maryland) John Boehner (Ohio)

History of agriculture in the USA Corn, turkeys, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, and sunflower seeds constitute some of the major holdovers from the agricultural endowment of the Americas. In the U. S. , farms spread from the colonies westward along with the settlers. In cooler regions, wheat was often the crop of choice when lands were newly settled, leading to a "wheat frontier" that moved westward over the course of years. Also very common in the antebellum Midwest was farming corn while raising hogs, complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads. After the "wheat frontier" had passed through an area, more diversified farms including dairy cattle generally took its place. Warmer regions saw plantings of cotton and herds of beef cattle. In the early colonial south, raising tobacco and cotton was common, especially through the use of slave labor until the Civil War. In the northeast, slaves were used in agriculture until the early 19 th century. In the Midwest, slavery was prohibited by the Freedom Ordinance of 1787. The introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid nineteenth century has made a large improvement in the USA's economic growth. This development was facilitated by the Morrill Act and the Hatch Act of 1887 which established in each state a land-grant university (with a mission to teach and study agriculture) and a federally-funded system of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension networks which place extension agents in each state. Soybeans were not widely cultivated in the United States until the 1950 s, when soybeans began to replace oats and wheat.

Major agricultural products The top twenty agricultural products of the United States by value as reported by the FAO in 2003 (Products are ranked by their mass, multiplied by the 1999 -2001 international prices. Mass is in metric tons):

LOS ANGELES (California) -After New York the biggest city in USA -West USA Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California and the second-largest in the United States. Often abbreviated as L. A. , it is rated an alpha world city, having an estimated population of 3. 8 million and spanning over 469. 1 square miles (1, 214. 9 square kilometers) in Southern California. Additionally, the Los Angeles metropolitan area is home to nearly 12. 9 Million people who hail from all over the globe and speak 224 different languages. Los Angeles is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populous and most diverse county in the United States. Its inhabitants are known as "Angelenos"

CHICAGO ( Illinois ) -Third city in USA in population Chicago is a city in the U. S. state of Illinois, and the largest in the Midwest. With a population of nearly 3 million people located almost entirely in Cook County (a portion of the city's O'Hare International Airport overlaps into Du. Page County), Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. The population of Chicago's metropolitan area, which covers several counties (and commonly called Chicagoland), contains over 9. 7 million people in Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the U. S. ] Adjacent to Lake Michigan, it is the largest city located on the Great Lakes and the world's twenty-second largest urban area by population. Chicago has been classified as an alpha world city for its worldwide economic and cultural influence.

NEW ORLEANS ( Louisiana ) BOSTON ( Massachusetts ) -southeastern Louisiana -Northeastern USA -New Orleans is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana. It is the center of the New Orleans metropolitan area. -Boston is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city is located in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the entire New Englad region. The city, which had an estimated population of 590, 763 in 2006, lies at the center of the Cambridge– Boston-Quincy metropolitan area—the 10 thlargest metropolitan area (5 th largest CSA) in the U. S. , with a population of 4. 5 million.

DETROIT ( Michigan ) LAS VEGAS ( Nevada ) -North Ontario Las Vegas is the most populous city in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally renowned major resort city for gambling, shopping, and entertainment. Although established in 1905, Las Vegas officially became a city in 1911. With the growth that followed, at the close of the century Las Vegas became the most populous American city founded in the 20 th century (a distinction held by Chicago in the 19 th century). As the 28 th most populous city in the United States, Las Vegas is one of the most populous cities in the American West. -Detroit is the largest city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit area is the only major U. S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded in 1701 by the Frenchman Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac.

NEW YORK CITY ( New York ) New York City (officially The City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world. Founded as a commercial trading post by the Dutch in 1625, it has been the largest city in the United States since 1790, and was the first capital under the Constitution. Located on one of the world's finest natural harbors, New York is one of the world's major centers of commerce and finance. New York also exerts global influence in media, politics, education, entertainment, arts, fashion and advertising. The city is also a major center for international affairs, hosting the headquarters of the United Nations.

SALT LAKE CITY ( Utah ) Salt Lake City has a population of 178, 858 as of 2006. The Salt Lake City metropolitan area spans Salt Lake, Summit and Tooele counties, and has a total estimated population of 1, 018, 826. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, and until 2003 the Ogden-Clearfield metro area within it was considered part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The total estimated population of the Wasatch Front is approximately 2, 150, 000.