1 The Environment and the Tools Web Design

1 The Environment and the Tools Web Design, 5 th Edition

Chapter Objectives Ø Describe the Internet and the World Wide Web Ø Discuss ways to access the Internet and the web Ø Categorize types of websites Ø Identify web design tools Ø Explain web design principles, roles, and required skills Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 2

The Internet and the World Wide Web Ø A computer network consists of connected computers, mobile devices, printers, and data storage devices that share computing resources and data Ø The Internet is a worldwide public network that connects millions of these private networks Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 3

The Internet and the World Wide Web Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 4

The Internet and the World Wide Web Ø The World Wide Web (web) is a part of the Internet that consists of connected computers called web servers that store electronic documents called webpages Ø A webpage is a specially formatted document that can contain images, text, interactive elements, and hyperlinks, which are links to other pages Ø A website is a group of related webpages Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 5

Influence on Society Communication Education Entertainment and News E-commerce Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 6

Communication Ø Ø Ø Bookmark / favorite Shortcut Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Web-based chat Instant messaging / IM chat Ø Mobile IM (MIM) Ø Collaborative workspaces / virtual meeting spaces Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools Ø Blog Ø Video sharing / Video blogging Ø Social networking Ø Social bookmarking Ø Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) Ø 3 D virtual worlds Ø Wiki 7

Communication Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 8

Education Ø You can take an online course from an academic institution to earn a degree or certificate, or watch a video or read a blog post by an amateur expert – Several universities and academic institutions publish some or all educational materials online Ø Formal and informal education Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 9

Entertainment and News Ø Popular entertainment sites include music, videos, sports, games, and more Ø News websites allow you to read news stories, and some even allow you to watch video clips – Some provide interactive elements Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 10

E-Commerce Ø Electronic commerce or e -commerce encompasses a wide variety of online business activities, including consumer shopping and investing and the exchange of business data and transactions within a company or among multiple companies – Business-to-consumer (B 2 C) – Business-to-business (B 2 B) – Consumer-to-consumer (C 2 C) Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 11

Cable Internet Access Ø Allows users to connect to the Internet through their cable line Ø Rapid transfer rates using a cable modem connected to a CATV line Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 12

Cable Internet Access Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 13

Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access Ø Internet connectivity that uses satellite technology Ø Radio signals provide high-speed connection – wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Ø Standards classified by generation – 3 G – 4 G Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 14

Telephone Line Access Ø The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) used to be the main way all users connected to the Internet Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 15

Dial-Up Lines Ø A dial-up line is a temporary connection that uses analog phone lines Ø Least popular Internet access method Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 16

Digital Dedicated Lines Ø A dedicated line is a constant connection between two communications devices Ø Quality, consistency, and speed of the connection are better than a dial-up line Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 17

Digital Dedicated Lines Ø Three popular types of digital dedicated lines – Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) – Digital subscriber lines (DSL) • Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) – T-carrier lines • T-1 line • Fractional T-1 line • T-3 line Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 18

ISDN Lines Ø Integrated Services Digital Network Ø ISDN allows a single telephone line to carry three or more signals (multiplexing) Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 19

DSL Ø Digital subscriber line – Transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring – Some installations can provide a dial tone Ø Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) – Faster to receive data than to send data – Ideal for Internet access Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 20

T-carrier Lines Ø Any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line Ø Extremely fast data transfer rates Ø T-1 line – Most popular T-carrier line – Fractional T-1 Ø T-3 line – Equivalent to 28 T-1 lines Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 21

Internet Service Providers Ø Internet Service Provider (ISP) – Has permanent Internet connection – Provides temporary connections – Regional ISP – National ISP • Earth. Link Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 22

Web Browsers Ø A web browser is a specific software program that requests, downloads, and displays webpages stored on a web server Ø Some companies create mobile versions of their websites – Responsive web design (RWD) Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 23

Web Browsers Ø Access webpages by entering its Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the browser’s Address bar Ø URL is comprised of the protocol, domain name and top-level domain designation – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – Domain name can be an IP address or a text version of this address Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 24

Web Browsers Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 25

Types of Websites Personal Organizational / Topical Commercial Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 26

Personal Ø Limited developmental resources Ø Uses: – Promote employment credentials – Share news and photos with friends and family – Share common interests or hobbies Ø Do not post information that can be misused Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 27

Organizational / Topical Ø Organizational websites contain information on particular organizations Ø Topical websites focus on a specific subject Ø Not all information is accurate Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 28

Commercial Ø Used to promote and sell a product or service Ø More sophisticated commercial websites generally produce greater revenue Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 29

Search Tools Ø Web-based search tools – Search engines • Keywords Ø Search engines might use a variety of methods to create its index – – Spiders or robots Meta tags Metasearch engines Search directories Ø Search engine optimization (SEO) Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 30

Search Tools Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 31

Portals Ø A portal is a website that offers a starting point for accessing information – – – General consumer portal Personal portal Vertical portal Corporate portal Hyperlocal portal Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 32

Web Design Tools Ø Does the new technology meet currently accepted standards for web development and design? Ø What specifically can the new technology do to further the purpose of my website? Ø How will implementation of the new technology affect my website’s visual appeal, accessibility, and usability? Ø What impact will adding this technology have on security and other website elements? Ø What are the direct and indirect costs of implementing the new technology? Ø How soon will I see a return on investing in this new technology? Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 33

Markup Languages Ø Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Ø Extensible Markup Language (XML) Ø Extensible HTML (XHTML) Ø Wireless Markup Language (WML) Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 34

Hypertext Markup Language Ø Markup language used to create webpages Ø Defines a webpage through HTML tags or HTML markup language Ø World Wide Web Consortium (W 3 C) sets standards for HTML Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 35

Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible HTML (XHTML), and Wireless Markup Language (WML) Ø XML uses markups to define the content of a webpage Ø XHTML is a markup language that is a combination of the features of XML and HTML Ø WML is a subset of XML – Used to design webpages for mobile browsers Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 36

Cascading Style Sheets Ø Standardize the presentation of the content by applying styles to such elements – Font – Margins – Positioning – Background colors Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 37

Scripting Languages Ø Programming languages used to write short programs that run on the server or the browser Ø Browsers must support this technology Ø Scripting languages – – Javascript Active Server Pages (ASP) PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) My. SQL Ø Active content Ø Malware Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 38

Text and HTML Editors Ø A text editor is software used to create plain (ASCII) text files Ø An HTML editor is a text editor enhanced with special features that are used to more easily insert HTML tags and their attributes – HTML-Kit – Coffee. Cup – BBEdit – Note. Tab Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 39

WYSIWYG Ø Packages that automatically generate HTML code Ø There are packages available for every level of expertise – – Microsoft Expression Web Adobe Dreamweaver Ephox Edit. Live! Innova. Studio WYSIWYG Editor Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 40

Web Templates and Content Management Systems Ø A web template is a predesigned model that can be customized for fast website or webpage creation or updating Ø A content management system (CMS) facilitates the management of web content development – Content repository Ø An intranet is a private network within a large organization or commercial entity that uses Internet and web technologies to share information among only its members, employees, or business partners Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 41

Web Design Roles Ø Web design can be done independently or with a partner or group Ø Creative Role – Content writer / editor – SEO expert – Web designer – Web artist / graphic designer – Multimedia producer Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 42

Web Design Roles Ø Technical Role – Web programmer – Database developer – Network / security administrator Ø Oversight Role – Testers – Web administrator / webmaster Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 43

Chapter Summary Ø Describe the Internet and the World Wide Web Ø Discuss ways to access the Internet and the web Ø Categorize types of websites Ø Identify web design tools Ø Explain web design principles, roles, and required skills Chapter 1: The Environment and the Tools 44

1 The Environment and the Tools Web Design, 5 th Edition