1 st step Attachment Same 2 nd Step

1 st step: Attachment = Same 2 nd Step: Entry = Same

3 rd step: Replication – Provirus Created Virus DNA • Virus DNA combines with cell DNA – Infected cell divides by mitosis and copies the provirus – Each new cell will contain the provirus Procell virus DNA Provirus

4 th Step: Assembly Same, except many new viruses are being assembled in many cells 5 th Step: Release Same, except many cells burst releasing many more viruses

The viral DNA become active and starts making new viral proteins The infected cells burst…releasing the new viruses

HIV/AIDS

Retroviruses Normal Transcription DNA RNA Reverse Transcription RNA DNA • Type of RNA virus • Contain enzyme called “reverse transcriptase” • Steps – 1) Virus RNA enters host cell – 2) Reverse transcription changes the virus RNA into DNA – 3) Virus DNA fuses with cell DNA (provirus created) • Viral DNA lays dormant – 4) Infected cell divides and spreads the virus – 5) Eventually, the viral DNA becomes active in many cells • Viral DNA Viral RNA Viral proteins

How is HIV contracted? High Risk Activities Low Risk Activities • High risk activities: • Low risk activities: – 1) Sex (oral, vaginal, anal) – 2) Sharing needles (tattoos, piercings, drugs) – 3) Mother to child in womb – 4) Breast milk – 5) Blood transfusions

HIV Prevention • 100% Effective: Abstinence (not participating in sexual acts) • If sexually active: Latex condoms are the only forms of birth control that prevent STDs and pregnancy • If drug user: Change needles

What is AIDS? • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • AIDS results when: – 1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1 mm³ blood) – 2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear • Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes • Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? Gender of those living with HIV (2003) • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • AIDS results when: – 1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1 mm³ blood) – 2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear • Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes • Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? 2009: New Infections MSM: Men having sex with men IDU: Intravenous drug users (share needles) MSM/IDU: Men who share needles and have sex with men • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • AIDS results when: – 1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1 mm³ blood) – 2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear • Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes • Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? Female Transmission of HIV (2006) • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • AIDS results when: – 1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1 mm³ blood) – 2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear • Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes • Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

1. 2. In order list the stages of the lytic/lysogenic cycles. In which stage… • • does the host cell explode? are virus proteins built to make new viruses? is a provirus created? does a virus connect with the host cell’s receptors? 3. 4. 5. Which two objects make up a provirus? Name the enzyme found within retroviruses. The picture shows the normal steps of protein synthesis. Fill in the question marks with the words: Translation, Protein, Transcription, DNA 6. The picture below shows the steps of a retrovirus. Fill in the question marks with the words: viral RNA, transcription, translation, reverse transcription, viral DNA