1 st Asian Public Governance Forum on Public

1 st Asian Public Governance Forum on Public Innovation 11 -12 June 2014 Jakarta, Indonesia INCREASING PUBLIC VALUE THROUGH OPEN GOVERNMENT AND OPEN DATA Barbara-Chiara Ubaldi Project Manager, E-government Public Sector Reform Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD

Overview • Overall context in OECD countries • A framework to understand Open Government • Open Data: a key enabler of Open Government?

Overall context across the OECD

Fiscal space remains limited in OECD 10 9 Consolidation requirement to attain 60% public debt ratio % of potential GDP 8 7 Consolidation plans in 2012 -15 6 Remaining consolidation need 5 4 3 2 1 E CH DE U E SW T AU E CZ A IT SV K NL D L PO L IS ES P L IR GR C 0 4 Source: OECD (2012), Restoring Public Finances, 2012 Update, OECD Publishing

Ire De land nm a Fr rk an Fin ce la Be nd lgi um Ja p Au an s Sw tria ed Ice en l Po and Ne rtu th ga er l lan Un ds ite d Ki Italy ng d Slo om ve n Gr ia ee Hu ce n Ge gary rm OE any CD 31 Sp No ain rw Po ay lan Cz d ec h Isra Re el pu b Un Ca lic ite nad Lu d St a xe at Ne mb es w ou Ze rg ala Slo n E va st d o k. R n ep ia ub lic Br az Tu il r Au key Sw str itz alia er lan Ko d re a Ch ile While public expenditure levels rise 70 60 General government expenditure as % of GDP (includes central and local governments as well as social security institutions) 50 2010 Source: OECD (2011), Government at a Glance 2011, OECD Publishing 2007 40 30 20 10 0 5

Confidence in government hit hard in a long tail of OECD countries 6 Source: OECD Social and Welfare statistics (Gallup World Poll)

Open Government

OECD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OPEN GOVERNMENT Principles Transparency Policy Instruments Catalysers Intermediate results Budgetary transparency Social wellbeing Innovation Accountability Participation Integrity Independent institutions Consultation mechanisms Anticorruption Final results Improved democracy ICTs use Change management Implementation Quality of public services Trust in governance Economic growth

OECD Open Government Data Project

What values are governments expecting? • Economic value • Growth and competitiveness in the wider economy • Fostering innovation, efficiency and effectiveness in government services (internal and external) • Social value • Promoting citizens’ self-empowerment, social participation and engagement • Public governance value • Improving accountability, transparency, responsiveness and democratic control

Open data beyond transparency to improve service delivery …. • • Improved service delivery emerging from initiatives originally driven by a government’s push for greater transparency around data ICT + Open data = potential revolutionary approach to service design and provision and to assess efficiency in the delivery and users’ satisfaction How? • better use of data analysis in policy making and public services for more integrated and innovative service delivery • involving innovators from inside and outside governments to crowdsource ideas and to create new ways to tackle old and new problems. • frontline professionals who see real time performance and impact of public services and policies on citizens can generate and use appropriate data and develop apps to improve service experience if given tools and incentives to do so • blurring of personal and professional lives in terms of 2. 0 tools use could improve performance through two-way exchange of experience and skills

…and to strengthen citizens’ selfempowerment, participation and public engagement. • OGD initiatives supported by Web 2. 0 and social media applications create an architecture for participative and empowering relationships with citizens HOW? • users not only passive consumers of content and services, but also active contributors and designers of their own right • data smart disclosure (i. e. the timely release of data in standardised, machine-readable formats in ways that enable users to make better decisions about finance, healthcare, energy or other personal contexts) empowers citizens to take more informed decisions that can enhance the quality of their lives

Where is the closest dentist to me?

How is my hospital performing?

OGD in OECD countries

Top 5 principal objectives of the open data strategy across OECD Create economic value for the private sector 71% Increase openness 71% Increase transparency 71% 67% Facilitate creation of new businesses Deliver public services more effectively and efficiently by improving internal operations and collaboration 63% Deliver public services more effectively and efficiently by enabling delivery from private sector through data re-use 54% Improve public sector performance by strengthening accountability for outputs/outcomes 46% 33% Enable citizens' engagement in decision-making processes 29% Facilitate citizens' participation in public debate Create economic value for the public sector 0% 0% Source: OECD Open Data Report (forthcoming 2014) 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Emerging approaches • The “pioneers” (e. g. UK, USA, Spain) • Devising a sustainable financial mechanism (e. g. Denmark, the Netherlands) • Establishing the governance framework first (e. g. Germany, Switzerland) • Quick followers (e. g. France, Canada and Mexico)

Source: OECD Open Data Report (forthcoming 2014) f. s m g. es . N o . . . /l in i. . s an t rv at iv nt se re ep e se in ll il ci v ra ve se tr es ith s io n oc ia t ns sa tio s tiz en ci ni ss ei ra th sw Ye w er nt ia li ec sp n io d. nd ith w or ga es y ci et so sa il ci v fir m pe ra t co o ith w ith sw Ye es ith in sw Ye Ye e. c. Y b. a. Y Percentage of respondent countries Consulting the stakeholders Was the central/federal OGD strategy/policy developed in consultation with stakeholders? 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Principal Challenges for further Development of OGD Initiatives 90% 80% Percentage of responding countries 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Organisational challenges Institutional challenges Funding challenges Source: OECD Open Data Report (forthcoming 2014) Policy challenges Technical challenges Context challenges

Involving the users and knowing the demand Percentage of respondent countries Does your government regularly consult users on their needs and preferences of the type of data released? 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% a. Yes citizens' information needs b. Yes, businesses' information c. Yes, other stakeholders' needs (e. g. non-profit organisations) Source: OECD Open Data Report (forthcoming 2014) d. None of the above applies

OECD OGD Project : What’s next ?

Data to create value: with whom and how? • Which ecosystem? • Inside the public sector: workflows to gather, integrate, validate, release, up-date and promote re-use of data (statistical offices, archives, sector data producers, etc. ) • Outside the public sector: to sustain data re-use (media, private sector, civil society, librarians, developers, community of practitioners, etc. ) • What activity? • Data mining, data analytics (for policy making and service delivery), crowdsourcing to support service innovation, social innovation, evidence-based performance, improved financial decisions, data mash-up and data sharing, licensing, standards, hackaton events, metadata. • Which capacities? • Ensure sustainability and autonomy: data scientist, visualisation expert, statistics and data analytics expert, computing and systems programming skills, policy expert. • How to assess it? • Assessment overall (Phase 1 in OECD and LAC) commitment to implementation (short term) and impact (medium term)

THANK YOU! For more information: www. oecd/gov/egov barbara. ubaldi@oecd. org