1 ST 3 RD DECLENSIONS 1 ST DECLENSION
- Slides: 200
1 ST – 3 RD DECLENSIONS
1 ST DECLENSION (in –a)
SINGULAR • Nominative –a subject • Accusative – am object • Genitive – ae of _____ • Dative – ae to/for ______ • Ablative – ā by/with/from _____
PLURAL • Nominative – ae subject • Accusative – ās object • Genitive – ārum of _____ • Dative – īs to/for ______ • Ablative – īs by/with/from _____
VOCABULARY • • • • ancilla, -ae f aqua, -ae f fēmina, -ae hasta, -ae f īnsula, -ae f īra, -ae f nauta, -ae m patria, -ae f pecūnia, -ae fmoney poēta, -ae f puella, -ae f sagitta, -ae f terra, -ae f turba, -ae f via, -ae f maid water woman spear island anger sailor fatherland poet girl arrow land, earth crowd road, street
2 ND DECLENSION (in –us, -er) If the nominative singular ends in –er, all the other endings are added after this instead of replacing it. The `e’ is retained in words like puer (puerum, puerī etc. ) but dropped in those like ager (agrum, agrī etc. )
SINGULAR (MASCULINE) • Nominative – us, -er, -ir subject – Vocative: -us > -e, -ius > ī address • Accusative – um object • Genitive – ī of _____ • Dative – ō to/for ______ • Ablative – ō by/with/from _____
PLURAL • Nominative – ī subject • Accusative – ōs object • Genitive – ōrum of _____ • Dative – īs to/for ______ • Ablative – īs by/with/from _____
VOCABULARY • • • • ager, agrī m amīcus, -ī m cibus, -ī m crocodīlus, -ī m discipulus, -ī m dominus, -ī mmaster equus, -ī m fīlius, -ī m gladius, -ī m lupus, -ī m medicus, -ī mdoctor porcus, -ī m puer, puerī m servus, -ī m field friend food crocodile student horse son sword wolf pig boy slave
SINGULAR (NEUTER) • Nominative – um subject • Accusative – um object • Genitive – ī of _____ • Dative – ō to/for ______ • Ablative – ō by/with/from _____
PLURAL (NEUTER) • Nominative – a subject • Accusative – a object • Genitive – ōrum of _____ • Dative – īs to/for ______ • Ablative – īs by/with/from _____
VOCABULARY • • • templum, -ī n ātrium, -ī n oppidum, -ī n tablīnum, -ī n computātrum, -ī n temple atrium town study computer
3 RD DECLENSION There a large number of possible endings for the nominative/vocative singular. Notice that in some nouns the nominative singular is identical with the genitive singular (e. g. cīvis, cīvis m. f. , iuvenis m. f. )
SINGULAR (MASC. /FEM. ) • Nominative – VARIOUS subject • Accusative – em object • Genitive – is of _____ • Dative – ī to/for ______ • Ablative – e (may be either - ī by/with/from _____ or –e if nom. and gen. sing. are the same, as in cīvis and iuvenis)
PLURAL (MASC/FEM) • Nominative – ēs subject • Accusative – ēs [also –īs if the object Gen. plural is –ium] • Genitive – (i)um of _____ • Dative – ibus to/for ______ • Ablative – ibus by/with/from _____
GENITIVE PLURAL • Normally –ium is used if the noun is nonincreasing (i. e. has the same number of syllables in the nominative singular and the other cases, as with cīvis, cīvis m/f) or if the stem in the genitive singular is a single syllable ending in two consonants (e. g. urbs, urbis f, city. • However, there a few non-increasing nouns which have just –um, including words for family members (pater, māter, frāter) and iuvenis.
MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS (LEVEL 2) • • • cīvis, cīvis m. /f. iuvenis, iuvenis m. /f. mīles, mīlitis m. mōns, montis m. mors, mortis f. mulier, mulieris f. nāvis, nāvis f. senex, senis m. soror, sorōris f. urbs, urbis f. uxor, uxōris f. virtūs, virtūtis f. citizen young person soldier mountain death woman ship old man sister city wife virtue
SINGULAR (NEUT) • Nominative – VARIOUS subject • Accusative – VARIOUS object • Genitive – is of _____ • Dative – ī to/for ______ • Ablative – e /-ī by/with/from _____ If the nominative singular ends in –e, -al or –ar (e. g. mare, maris n, sea), the ablative singular ends in – ī. Other 3 rd declension neuter nouns take only -e
PLURAL (NEUT) • Nominative – (i)a subject • Accusative – (i)a object • Genitive – (i)um of _____ • Dative – ibus to/for ______ • Ablative – ibus by/with/from _____ If the nominative singular ends in –e, -al or –ar (e. g. mare, maris n, sea, animal, animālis n, animal), the nom/acc plural ends in - ia and the gen. plural in –ium.
NEUTER NOUNS • iter, itineris journey • nōmen, nōminis name • vulnus, vulneris wound • mare, maris sea • animal, animālis animal
mortibus
to/for deaths by/with/from deaths
fēminae
of woman to/for woman women (subj)
maria
seas (subj) seas (obj)
servō
to/for slave by/with/from slave
iuvenem
young man (obj)
by/with/from anger
nāvem
ship (obj)
pecûniârum
of monies
animālī
to/for animal by/with/from animal
computātrō
to/for computer by/with/from computer
nōminibus
to/for names by/with/from names
ancillîs
to/for maids by/with/from maids
to/for citizen by/with/from citizen
oppidîs
to/for towns by/with/from towns
cīvis
citizen (subj) of citizen
marī
to/for sea by/with/from sea
poēta
poet (subj)
aquîs
to/for waters by/with/from waters
medicōrum
of doctors
nautae
sailors (subj) of sailor to/for sailor
îram
anger (obj)
to/for citizen by/with/from citizen
marium
of seas
urbīs
cities(obj)
hasta
spear (subj)
urbīs
cities (obj)
gladiōs
swords (obj)
nōminum
of names
hastârum
of spears
uxōrem
wife (obj)
porcō
to/for pig by/with/from pig
însulâs
islands (obj)
sorōrum
of sisters
agrum
field (obj)
pecûniam
money (obj)
sagittâs
arrows (obj)
maris
of sea
magistrī
teachers (subj) of teacher
fēminam
woman (obj)
nautâs
sailors (obj)
însulîs
to/for islands by/with/from islands
nāvis
ship (subj) of ship
servus
slave (subj)
sagitta
arrow (subj)
montīs
mountains (obj)
puerō
for/by boy by/with/from boy
iuvenibus
for/by young men by/with/from young men
puellâ
by/with/from girl
poētâs
poets (obj)
animâlia
animals (subj) animals (obj)
aquâs
waters (obj)
equī
horses (subj) of horse
patriam
fatherland (obj)
puellârum
of girls
tablīnō
to/for study by/with/from study
nāvium
of ships
fēminîs
to/for women by/with women
patris
of father
hastam
spear (obj)
mīlitēs
soldiers (subj or obj)
magister
teacher (subj)
senum
of old men
hastae
spears (subj) of spear to/for spear
puellam
girl (obj)
nāvibus
to/for ships by/with ships
patria
fatherland (subj)
muliere
by/with/from woman
îra
anger (subj)
sorōrem
sister (obj)
aquam
water (obj)
maribus
to/for seas by/with/from seas
vulnus
wound (subj or obj)
poētâ
by/with/from poet
iter
journey (subj or obj)
puellâs
girls (obj)
terrae
lands (subj) of land to/for land
coniugibus
to/for spouses by/with/from spouses
turbae
crowds (subj) of crowd to/for crowd
fīliī
of sons (subj)
domine
master (voc)
ducem
leader (obj)
viam
street (obj)
gladiōrum
of swords
tempestāte
by/with/from storm
fēminârum
of women
lupe
wolf (voc)
mare
sea (subj) sea (obj)
uxōrēs
wives (subj or obj)
puellae
girls (subj) of girl to/for girl
pecûniae
monies (subj) of money to/for money
- First declension latin
- Nouns with th
- Land in latin
- Greek noun endings
- Mare declension
- Taberna quam clemens possidebat
- Latin 2nd declension neuter
- Caput declension
- Caput primum
- Alius declension
- Frater declension
- Latin irregular adverbs
- Latin demonstrative pronouns
- Genitive case
- Imperative verb
- Musculus declension
- Eo ea id
- Pulveres simplices
- Spiritus declension
- First declension latin
- Ille illa illud
- Types of adjectives
- Nervus declension
- Identify the declension ager agri m
- Amicus amici latin
- Factum latin declension
- Equus declension
- Pulsus tardus
- Magister declension
- Pulcher declension
- Exemplum plural
- Nom gen dat akk
- Caput declension
- Qui quae quod declension
- 3rd declension latin
- Trauma latin declension
- Populus declension
- Strong adjectives