1 SOCIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION Anil Kumar

1 SOCIO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION Anil Kumar Gupta Gyan Laxmi Shrestha Shiva Hari Adhikari

Coverage 2 Social structure and social systems Socio-cultural diversity profile Diversity as an asset Diversity dynamism Issues of diversity management and national integration Nation, nationality and social bond

Social Structure and Social Systems 3 What is structure? What is system?

Social Structure and Social Systems 4 Social structure refers to: A) statuses and roles B) a value C) the way the units of a group or society relate to one another

Social Structure and Social Systems 5 Which of the following is a unit of the social structure? A) a status B) group, institution, association and organization C) all of the above

Social Structure and Social Systems 6 An organization means A) co-ordination of social relationships B) co-ordination of parts C) certain positions

Social Structure and Social Systems 7 State whether the following statements are true or false: A) A social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction B) Social system has no subsystem

Social Structure and Social Systems 8 State whether the following statements are true or false: A) Social system is not based on interaction of plurality B) Social system is unrelated to cultural system C) There is a functional relationship between the parts of a social system

9 Socio-Cultural Diversity Profile

10 Close your eyes Imagine that everyone in the room is same �Same hair �Same height �Same weight �Same gender Everyone dresses the same and sounds the same Now open your eyes, look around. What do you see?

Sex Composition 11 Sex Ratio of Nepal 105 106 104 101. 4 102 99. 5 100 98 96. 8 99. 8 97. 3 96 94. 2 94 92 90 88 1952/54 1961 1971 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011 1981 1991 2001 2011

Age Composition 12 Age Composition, Nepal 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Below 15 year 15 -59 year 1991 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011 2001 2011 60+ year

Population Pyramid 13

Urban/Rural Population 14 Census Year Urban Centers Urban Pop (%) Rural Pop (%) 1961 16 3. 6 96. 4 1971 16 4. 0 96 1981 23 6. 4 93. 6 1991 33 9. 2 90. 8 2001 58 13. 9 86. 1 2011 58 17. 1 82. 9 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Ethnic/Caste Composition 15 Ethnic /Caste Groups 1991 (%) 2001(%) 2011 (%) 16. 05 15. 8 16. 6 Hill Brahmin 13 12. 7 12. 2 Magar 7. 2 7. 1 Tharu 6. 5 6. 8 6. 6 Tamang 5. 8 5. 6 5. 8 Newar 5. 6 5 Kami 5. 2 4 4. 8 Yadav 4. 1 4 4 Musalman Rai Kiranti 3. 5 3 4. 3 2. 8 4. 4 2. 3 Chhetri Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Religion Composition 16 Religion 1991 2001 2011 Hindu 86. 51 80. 62 81. 3 Buddhist 7. 78 10. 74 9 Islam 3. 53 4. 2 4. 4 Kirat 1. 72 3. 6 3. 1 Christian 0. 17 0. 45 1. 4 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Language Composition 17 Religion 1991 2001 2011 Nepali 50. 31 48. 61 44. 6 Maithali 11. 85 12. 30 11. 7 Bhojpuri 7. 46 7. 53 5. 9 Tharu 5. 37 5. 86 5. 77 Tamang 4. 89 5. 11 Newar 3. 73 3. 63 3. 2 Bajjika - 1. 05 2. 99 Urdhu 1. 09 0. 77 2. 61 Doteli - - 2. 97 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Education Composition 18 Sex 1991 (%) 2001(%) 2011 (%) Male 54. 5 65. 5 76. 0 Female 25. 0 42. 8 57. 8 Total 39. 6 54. 1 66. 0 Locations Male (%) Female (%) Total (%) Maximum (Kathmandu) 92 80 86 Minimum (Rautahat) 51 32 42 Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

Different Schools of Thought 19 Diversity as a problem Diversity as an asset Exercise �Work in group/pair �You will get 7 minutes �Present in plenary

20 Dimension of Diversity Primary vs Secondary Dimension Qualitative vs Quantitative Dimension

Diversity Dynamism 21 Game: D & D

22 Problems of National Integration Under-representation Discrimination on different ground Illiteracy Regional disparities/uneven development process Social inequalities Regionalism: Internal and International domination and ideology

Diversity Management and National Integration 23 Exclusion: an obstacle to open and healthy communication between different ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural group Is inclusion the ending of exclusion, or much more than that. Assimilation/Integration Exclusionary inclusion, assimilationist inclusion and multicultural inclusion

24 Diversity Management and National Integration Representation and participation Improving social and economic life of people in social and political system Equitable society where economic equality, prosperity, and social justice prevail Recognition of diverse cultures and group identities Integration by changing the existing

25 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Dividers Vs Connectors

26 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond System and Institutions Vs System and Institutions

27 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Attitudes and Actions Vs Attitudes and Action

28 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Different Values and Interests Vs Shared Values and Interests

29 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Different Experiences Vs Common Experience

30 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Symbols and Occasions Vs Symbols and Occasions

31 Nation, Nationality and Social Bond Psychologic al Political Economic Psychologic al Social Psychologic al

Factors Promoting National Integration “united we stand but divided we fall" 32 Constitutional provisions Governmental initiatives Democracy Nation, nationality and binding factors � Strengthening state-people interface � Strengthening multiculturalism � Reducing inequality – vertical and horizontal � Promoting balanced development � Respecting social and cultural diversity

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34 Thank you