1 Sir William M Ramsay 1851 1939 The

參考書目 1. Sir William M. Ramsay (1851 -1939), The Letters to the Seven Churches, Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994 2. 楊牧谷, 《基督書簡� 啟示錄的七教會書信》, 臺 北� 校園書房出版社, 1990, 1992 3. Biblical Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation(土耳其聖經考古與啟示錄七教會) http: //www. greatcommission. com/turkey/tour/Tu rkey. And. The. Seven. Churches. Of. Revelation_files/f rame. htm (2006/2/12)

Pergamum - City Built on a Hill 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum (Bergama) 3 rd of 7 Churches Revelation 2: 12 -17 City as great as Ephesus “City on a hill cannot be hidden” – acropolis 1, 000 feet above the valley King Attalus (Asia) Capital of Asia for 250 years – fertile Caicus River Temple of Trajan Temple of Athena was first museum and entrance to library Emperor Worship in Asia began here Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation 2/12/2006

Temple Supports Difficult to conceive how much man labor it took to build all the structures, and we only see a few of them now

Pergamum Altar Temple of Zeus - Berlin “Zeus the Savior” temple seen all over 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Altar Temple of Zeus Berlin Model in Pergamom Museum 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Altar Temple of Zeus – Berlin Altar in Pergamom Museum 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Temple of Trajan Paul Passed Through - Acts 16: 7 -8 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Asclepion Healing Areas 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Theatre Double Edged Sword - Power to Kill Typical Greek theatre with every seat in cavea following the steep acropolis rock and having an unbelievable view of the surrounding valley to sunset Throne of Satan on hill Temple of Dionysius 3 Christians thrown to the wild animals here in 3 rd Century No compromising 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Altar Temple of Zeus – 160 BC Berlin Satan’s Throne, Sword of Authority 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Library-Alexandria, Mark Anthony 200, 000 Scrolls-King hired librarian from Alexandria so he was thrown in prison and Egyp stopped selling Papyrus so King put out challenge (197 BC) that resulted in Parchments or “Pergamum-sheets” animal skin that introduced Codex—Olive Tree Wishes for “Good Luck” 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Hippocrates Asclepion First Healing Center First healing center 300 BC Snake from Moses and Israelites healing Emperor Augustus visited twice Asia minor earthquake AD 17 Emperor Tiberius stopped taxes Emperor Hadrian gave money Emperor Caracalla treatment Parchment or vellum, which is from the skin of calves and lambs, came from Pergamum after Pharaoh banned export of papyrus to Pergamum. Much of the Bible was written with parchment. Asklepios symbol was the serpent and perhaps another symbol of the “throne of Satan” 2/12/2006

Asclepion - Lower Stadium 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

Pergamum Church 不能妥協 2/12/2006 Turkey and the Seven Churches of Revelation

One of the earliest known portraits of Alexander the Great. n

Coin of Alexander commemorating his battles in India.