1 Simple Sentence 2 Compound Sentence 3 Complex

一. 英语句子从结构上看有三种类型： 1. 简单句（Simple Sentence) 2. 并列句（Compound Sentence) 3. 复合句 （Complex Sentence)

(1)简单句的五大基本句型： 主语+连系动词+表语 Her face turned red with anger. 主语 ＋及物动词＋宾语 You can consider my suggestion. 主语＋不及物动词＋状语 This kind of cloth sells well. 主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾 He told me a secret. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补 He found the work half done.

从句：是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份 定语：用于修饰名词或代词 Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country. A traveller is a person whothat travels. A clock is a machine that tells people time.

关系代词和关系副词的作用 作用 例句 作主语 We visited the factory which that makes toys for children. Most managers who that are present at the meeting agreed to the plan. 作宾语 The student whomthatwho you want to see has come. The letter which that I received yesterday was from my father. 作定语 The girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard. The room whose windows were broken was mine. 作状语 In 1998, he returned to the small town where he grew up. I still remember the day when I met him for the first time. The reason why he missed the speech was that he didn’t catch the bus.

关系代词和关系副词如何区别？ why 1. The reason _______he missed the speech was that he forgot the time thatwhich 2. The reason______he gave us sounded reasonable. thatwhich 3. I’ll never forget the day ______we spent together in Paris. 4. I’ll remember the day____we stayed together at that time. when 5. This is the factory______we visited last year. thatwhich 6. This is the house _____Lincoln once lived. where Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们 在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中 是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。

whose 7. (1) He still lives in the room ____window faces to the south. which (2) He still lives in the room _____is in the north of the city. 8. (1)I will never forget the days ____we when studied together. that (2)I will never forget the days _____we spent together. why 9. (1) The reason ____he didn’t come was that he was ill. that (2) The reason _____he explained is not true. where 10. (1) We will meet at the same place____we met last month. that (2) We will meet at the same place ____we visited last month

who, that （先行词为人）有区别吗？ 1. 用who不用that的情况： (1)当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more. 2. 用that不用who的情况： (1) 当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个who等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered there. Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

which, that (先行词为物）有区别吗？ 1. 只用that不用which 的情况： (1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。 （3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。 （4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every, who等修饰时。 （5）关系代词在从句中作表语时 This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. China is no longer the country that it used to be. All that can be done has been done. He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad. This is the very book that I am looking for. Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

只能用which 的情况: 1. 介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) The machine , which I have looked after for many years , is still working perfectly. (2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March. (4)My glasses, without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. Remember: which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作 宾语也不能省。

介词+关系代词 先行词为人, 关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物, 关系代词用which. 关系代词在介词后不能用that, 关系代词也不能省。如介词放在 句尾，引导词可用that 或who, 而且可省去。 关系代词和关系副词可转换：where, when, why =介词+which for which 1. This is the reason ______he left his hometown. (=why) 2. I’ll never forget the day_____ on ______ which we stayed together. (=when) 3. This is the girl from _______I whom learned the news. to whom 4. The person______ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. in which 5. I’ll show you a store______you may buy all that you need. (=where) 6. I don’t like the way_____ you laughed at her. (=that; ) in which

请讨论：as , which 引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？ 1. which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park, was a great success. (2) All the books , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 2. which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不 放句首。 (1)Cruso’s dog became ill and died , which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, our football team lost the match again. 3. as 引导的从句有(正如……), (就象……), (由……而知）等含义. 1. He is not such a man as only think of himself. 2. I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 3. Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4. I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

基础巩固 (Correct mistakes) 1. Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? （多词） 2. This is the very place where we visited many years ago. （错用引导词） that/which/◎ 3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the who/that （漏引导词） playground. 4. English is a subject I am interested. （漏介词） in 5. Can you show me the book which have been translated has into English by Smith? （主谓不一致） 6. There is not a single person in the street whom I can turn for help. （漏介词） to

限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句 用法与区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 “限”是先行词不可缺少的定 语. 如果省去，主句意思不 完整或不明确；“非限”只是 附加说明。 All the people were talking about the wonderful cloth the emperor had ordered to be woven They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. “限”于主句之间不能用逗号 隔开；“非限”与主句之间要 用逗号隔开。 She is the nurse who looks after the children. The letter is from my sister, who is working in Beijing. “限”可以用that引导；“非限 That is the very tool that ”不能用that引导 we are looking for I saw a good film, which was about the Long March “限”的关联词作宾语时可省；I will never forget the day His dog, which he liked very （that ）we spent together much, died yesterday. 非限则不可 there “限”一般只修饰先行词；非 I have finished the novel 限既可修饰先行词，也可是 that you lent me yesterday 前面的整个句子或句子的一 部分 He suddenly fell ill, which prevented him from going to school.

难点解析： 关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构： 1. 介词 + whomwhich The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army. =she joined the army on that day 2. 介词 短语 + whichwhom The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom =and a well lies in front of it. There are many books here , none of which belongs to me. =and none of them belongs to me. China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun. =and one of them is Luxin 4. 名词+ of which She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have forgotten. =and I have forgotten the title of it

做做试试： 1. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _____had not been cleaned for at least one year. which to 2. In the dark street, there was not a single person ______she could turn for help. whom of _____is which 3. China has a lot of islands , the largest_____ Taiwan. none 4. The old lady had one son and two daughters, _______treated her well, ______made her of whom which very sad. 5. There are forty students in our class, _______20 of whom are girls; the rest are boys.

2. 定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. which =I saw some trees, the leaves of ____were black with disease. 2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of whom _____there is a pair of glasses 3. The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its C a 15 -year wait. door to China on November 10, _____ A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends 分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键。

3. 定语从句和状语从句 that (1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it. as This is such a big stone _______no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer ______he in which can easily find it. (=where) where Please put the letter_____he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？ 分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连 词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句 中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。

4. 定语从句和名词性从句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me. (=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) As (3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. that It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China. What is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than (4)______ the sun.

5. 定语从句和强调句 that (1) It is in this room ______I lived last year. where lived last year. It is the room _______I that (2) It was at seven o’clock ____he went to school this morning. It was seven o’clock _______he went to when school this morning. 分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who + 其它部分去掉 It is/was…. that/who… , 句子照样成立。而定语 从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。

6. 定语从句和同位语从句 that (1)The news ____our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _____he that/which told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _____we should answer for the that accident is clear to you. that/which (4)The problem _____he asked me to solve is hard to solve. 分析：that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且 引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容, 在从句中不可省去，也不可用 which 替代。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作 宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。

定语从句几种句型归纳： 1. This is the most exciting football match that I have ever seen. 2. I don’t like the way in which/that/不填 you laughed at others. 3. It is the third time that you have been late this week. It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 4. The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill. 5. The reason for his failure is that he didn’t work hard.

高考题 As 1. ____is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001) A. until B. As C. That D. What 2. The film brought the hours back to me _______I was taken good C care of in that far-away village. NMET 2001) A. until B. which C. when D. where B 3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what 4. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt D very much. (NMET 99) A. it B. that C. when D. which

5. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _______he grew up as a child. B A. which B. where C. that (NMET 96) D. when 6. The weather turned to be very good, ____was more than we B could expect. (NMET 94 ) A. what B. which C. that D. it 7. In the dark street , there was not a single person D ____she could turn for help. (NMET 92) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom D 8. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. (NMET 90) A. these B. those C. that D. which

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, which, whose or that. which/that tells people the time. 1. A clock is a machine _____ who/that 2. A nurse is a person_____ looks after people who are ill. which/that he is looking for is very expensive. 3. The house_____ 4. He is the person whom/that _____ I met in the park yesterday. whose 5. She is the engineer ____ work is considered to be the best here. which/that my father gave to me two 6. I have lost the watch _____ years ago. whose 7. This is the person _______ story surprised everybody. whose 8. The person _______ design were the best was Mr. King.

Choose the best answers to the following questions. A 1. This is the mountain village______ we visited the other day, A. which B. in which C. where D. when C 2. A child______ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose D. with B 3. Do you know the date_____ Lincoln was born. A. which B. when C. where D. that D 4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while 5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, D didn’t help. but_____ A. he B. which C. she D. it B 6. The gentleman______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom

Goodbye!