1 Renewable energy 2 Renewable energy sources Sun

1 Renewable energy

2 Renewable energy sources • • Sun Wind Hydro Wave Tidal Osmosis Geo thermal Biofuel

3 World Marketed Energy Consumption

4 ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD [mill. Tons oil eq. per year] Energy 1860 - 1997 8000 Hydro Nuclear Natural gas Oil Coal Bio mass 6000 4000 2000 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

5 Predicted Power Generation from Other Renewables World - Reference and Alternative Policy Scenario TWh Source: IEA 2006

6 EU - Predicted Power Generation Reference and Alternative Policy Scenario TWh Reference Scenario 2030 Alternative Policy Scenario 2030 2004 O. Ren. = Other Renewables Source: IEA 2006 Sum: Ref. 4304 TWh Alt. 3681 TWh Sum: 2004: 3155 TWh

7 EU - Predicted Power Generation from Other Renewables Reference and Alternative Policy Scenario TWh Source: IEA 2006

8 Source: http: //marine. rutgers. edu/mrs/education/class/yuri/erb. html Annual incoming solar energy: 54385 • 1020 J

9 Sun energy potential Source: www. worldenergy. org

10 Wind power and energy • Power output from wind turbines: A C • Energy production from wind turbines:

11 The world’s energy potential for land based wind turbines Estimated energy output in k. Wh/k. W from a wind turbine that are dimensioned for 11 m/s

12 Global Installed wind power

13 Installed wind power Source: www. gwec. net

14 Wind power capacity global forecast

15 Hydro power

16 Total electricity production in the world • Total electricity production: 18 184 TWh/year (2005) – – – Hydro : 19 % Nuclear : Coal: 40 % Natural Gas: Oil: 10 % 16 % 15 % • Norway: – 99% energy production from hydro power with an installed power of 28 000 MW source: www. bp. com/statisticalreview

17 Hydro power in the world • Energy production : • Installed capacity: 2 650 TWh/year 715 000 MW Hydro power potential in the world • Total potential: 40 000 TWh/year • Technical potential: 14 400 TWh/year • Economical and technical potential : 8 900 TWh/year source: http: //en. wikipedia. org, www. worldenergy. org

18 Wave power potential The numbers denotes power per meter wave front [k. W/m] 40 49 68 53 50 89 102 22 30 40 15 43 14 12 20 43 41 33 50 19 12 13 11 16 20 24 40 50 10 24 30 70 92 30 67 41 60 40 26 19 18 17 17 17 25 24 33 74 29 72 42 97 18 12 12 21 15 34 8 8 14 34 50 60 82 20 11 9 40 40 10 27 23 40 66 11 13 72 13 50 3 20 13 10 30 37 48 84 100 81

19 Power potential from waves [k. W/m] c Group Velocity g a

20 Energy potential in the tidal currents EC 105 TWh – UK – France 50 TWh 40 TWh World ?

21 EC tidal current sites

22 Source: www. bwea. com/marine/resource. html

23 Energy potential in the tidal currents Source: www. worldenergy. org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/tide. asp

24 Saltkraft Prinsippet ved saltkraftverk kalles trykkretardert osmose (TRO) og går ut på å utnytte energien som frigjøres når salt og ferskvann blandes. Dette skjer ved at de tilføres i hvert sitt kammer i et kar adskilt av en membran (se fig). Membranen tillater gjennomstrømning av ferskvann, men ikke saltvann. Det ferske vannet vil da strømme gjennom til den andre siden, og energien i denne strømmen kan tappes ved hjelp av en turbin. Det er det osmotiske trykket mellom ferskvann og saltvann som sørger for at det opprettholdes en strømning gjennom membranen. Det osmotiske trykket er maksimalt 27 bar. Norges energi potensial er 50 TWh Kilde: www. sintef. no

25 Geothermal energy The estimated amount of total heat flowing from the Earth's interior is equivalent to 42 terawatts

26 Geothermal energy in the world • Energy – 38 TWh electricity production – 34 TWh heat production • Installed power: – 8. 912 MW for electricity production – 16. 000 MW for heat production Source: • Renewable energy (Renew. energy) ISSN 0960 -1481 • http: //iga. igg. cnr. it/geo/

27 Bio Fuel

28 Thermochemical Conversion Technolgies Pyrolysis Charcoal Barbeque Gasification Bio-oil Metalurgical industry Motor Combustible gas Gas-turbine Generator Steam-turbine Fuel Combustion Electricity Heat Boiler Woodstove District heating

29 Bio Fuel in Norway • Theoretical energy potential in Norway: • Technical energy potential in Norway: 415 TWh 35 TWh • Energy production from bio fuel in Norway today: – 7, 5 TWh in private homes – 7, 5 TWh in the industry