1 Pride and Prejudice Jane Eyre Pride and

영국소설(1) Pride and Prejudice & Jane Eyre

Pride and Prejudice Introduction • Please describe the meaning of the passages • 1) It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife. This sentence establishes the centrality of advantageous marriage, a fundamental social value of Regency England. 2)And Darcy turned to look at Elizabeth for a moment. "No, " he said coldly, 'she's not attractive enough to tempt me. ‘ It represents his excessive pride which causes him to look down on his social inferiors. First Impression: the original title of this novel. Complete this novel between 1796 and 1797. later it is published as the title of Pride and Prejudice in 1813. Courtship: the story of two courtships—those between Darcy and Elizabeth and between Bingley and Jane. Small courtships—Mr. Collins’s wooing of Elizabeth, his successful wooing of Charlotte Lucas. Miss Bingley’s unsuccessful attempt to attract Darcy. Marriage is the main goal. Courtship constitutes working out love. Each courtship becomes a world of different sorts of love. Love: love story: the courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth. They overcome many tensions and conflicts, as in the other love stories. Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him to her many virtues. Marriage: the goal of the courtship Class: The lines of class are strictly drawn. The Bennets are middle class and socialize with the upper -class Bingleys and Darcys, they are their social inferiors and are treated as such. Austen criticizes this kind of class-consciousness, particularly in the character of Mr. Collins who flatters his upperclass patron, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. • •

Jane Austen(1775 -1817) English writer, who first gave the novel its modern character through the treatment of everyday life. Although Austen was widely read in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously. The most urgent preoccupation of her bright, young heroines is courtship and finally marriage. Austen herself never married. Her best-known books include PRIDE AND PREJUDICE (1813) and EMMA (1816). Virginia Woolf called Austen "the most perfect artist among women. “ "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. " (from Pride and Prejudice, 1813)

Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father, Rev. George Austen, was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The Austens did not lose a single one of their children. Cassandra Leigh, Jane's mother, fed her infants at the breast a few months, and then sent them to a wet nurse in a nearby village to be looked after for another year or longer. The first 25 years of her life Jane spent in Hampshire. On her father's unexpected retirement, the family sold off everything, including Jane's piano, and moved to Bath. Jane, aged twenty-five, and Cassandra, her elder sister, aged twenty-eight, were considered by contemporary standards confirmed old maid, and followed their parents. Torn from her friends and rural roots in Steventon, Austen abandoned her literary career for a decade.

Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: "James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian. " (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796)

Rev. George Austen supported his daughter's writing aspirations, bought her paper and a writing desk, and tried to help her get a publisher. After his death in 1805, she lived with her sister and hypochondriac mother in Southampton. In July 1809 they moved to a large cottage in the village of Chawton. This was the place where Austen felt at home. She never married, she never had a room of her own, but her social life was active and she had suitors and romantic dreams. With Tom Lefroy, whom she met a few times in 1796, she talked about Fielding's Tom Jones. They shared similar sense of ironic humour and Austen was undeniably attracted to him. James Edward Austen. Leigh, her nephew, wanted to create another kind of legend around her and claimed that "of events her life was singularly barren: few changes and no great crises ever broke the smooth current of its course. . . There was in her nothing eccentric or

angular; no ruggedness of temper; no singularity of manner. . . " Austen's sister Cassandra also never married. One of her brothers became a clergyman, two served in the navy, one was mentally retarded. He was taken care of a local family. Jane Austen was well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry that she portrayed in her novels. In Chawton she started to write her major works, among them SENSE AND SENSIBILITY, the story of the impoverished Dashwood sisters, Marianne and Elinor, who try to find proper husbands to secure their social position. The novel was written in 1797 as the revision of a sketch called Elinor and Marianne, composed when the author was 20. According to some sources, an earlier version of the work was written in the form of a novel in letters, and read aloud to the family as early as 1795.

Austen's heroines are determined to marry wisely and well, but romantic Marianne of Sense and Sensibility is a character, who feels intensely about everything and loses her heart to an irresponsible seducer. "I could not be happy with a man whose taste did not in every point coincide with my own. He must enter into all my feelings; the same with books, the same music must charm us both. " Reasonable Elinor falls in love with a gentleman already engaged. '"I have frequently detected myself in such kind of mistakes, " said Elinor, "in a total misapprehension of character in some point or another: fancying people so much more gay or grave, or ingenious or stupid than they really are, and I can hardly tell why or in what the deception originated. Sometimes one is guided by what they say of themselves, and very frequently by what other people say of them, without giving oneself time to deliberate and judge. "'

• Elizabeth Bennet - The novel’s protagonist. The second daughter of Mr. Bennet, Elizabeth is the most intelligent and sensible of the five Bennet sisters. She is well read and quick-witted, with a tongue that occasionally proves too sharp for her own good. Her realization of Darcy’s essential goodness eventually triumphs over her initial prejudice against him. • Fitzwilliam Darcy - A wealthy gentleman, the master of Pemberley, and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh.

Darcy is intelligent and honest, his excess of pride causes him to look down on his social inferiors. Over the course of the novel, he tempers his class-consciousness and learns to admire and love Elizabeth for her strong character. • Jane Bennet - The eldest and most beautiful Bennet sister. Jane is more reserved and gentler than Elizabeth. The easy pleasantness with which she and Bingley interact contrasts starkly with the mutual distaste that marks the encounters between Elizabeth and Darcy.

• Charles Bingley - Darcy’s considerably wealthy best friend. Bingley’s purchase of Netherfield, an estate near the Bennets, serves as the impetus for the novel. He is a genial, well -intentioned gentleman, whose easygoing nature contrasts with Darcy’s initially discourteous demeanor. He is blissfully uncaring about class differences. • Mr. Bennet - The patriarch of the Bennet family, a gentleman of modest income with five unmarried daughters. Mr. Bennet has a sarcastic, cynical sense of humor that

he uses to purposefully irritate his wife. Though he loves his daughters (Elizabeth in particular), he often fails as a parent, preferring to withdraw from the neverending marriage concerns of the women around him rather than offer help. • Mrs. Bennet - Mr. Bennet’s wife, a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennet often repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.

• George Wickham - A handsome, fortune-hunting militia officer. Wickham’s good looks and charm attract Elizabeth initially, but Darcy’s revelation about Wickham’s disreputable past clues her in to his true nature and simultaneously draws her closer to Darcy. • Lydia Bennet - The youngest Bennet sister, she is gossipy, immature, and selfinvolved. Unlike Elizabeth, Lydia flings herself headlong into romance and ends up running off with Wickham.

• Mr. Collins - A pompous, generally idiotic clergyman who stands to inherit Mr. Bennet’s property. Mr. Collins’s own social status is nothing to brag about, but he takes great pains to let everyone and anyone know that Lady Catherine de Bourgh serves as his patroness. He is the worst combination of snobbish and obsequious. • Miss Bingley - Bingley’s snobbish sister. Miss Bingley bears inordinate disdain for Elizabeth’s middle-class background. Her vain attempts to garner Darcy’s attention

cause Darcy to admire Elizabeth’s selfpossessed character even more. • Lady Catherine de Bourgh - A rich, bossy noblewoman; Mr. Collins’s patron and Darcy’s aunt. Lady Catherine epitomizes class snobbery, especially in her attempts to order the middleclass Elizabeth away from her well-bred nephew. • Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner - Mrs. Bennet’s brother and his wife. The Gardiners, caring, nurturing, and full of common sense, often prove to be better parents to the

Bennet daughters than Mr. Bennet and his wife. • Charlotte Lucas - Elizabeth’s dear friend. Pragmatic where Elizabeth is romantic, and also six years older than Elizabeth, Charlotte does not view love as the most vital component of a marriage. She is more interested in having a comfortable home. Thus, when Mr. Collins proposes, she accepts. • Georgiana Darcy - Darcy’s sister. She is immensely pretty and just as shy. She has

great skill at playing the pianoforte. • Mary Bennet - The middle Bennet sister, bookish and pedantic • Catherine Bennet - The fourth Bennet sister. Like Lydia, she is girlishly enthralled with the soldiers.

Major characters • Elizabeth The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings

—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.

• Fitzwilliam Darcy The son of a wealthy, well-established family and the master of the great estate of Pemberley, Darcy is Elizabeth’s male counterpart. The narrator relates Elizabeth’s point of view of events more often than Darcy’s, so Elizabeth often seems a more sympathetic figure. The reader eventually realizes, however, that Darcy is her ideal match. Intelligent and forthright, he too has a tendency to judge too hastily and harshly, and his high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. Indeed, his haughtiness makes him initially bungle his courtship. When he proposes to her, for instance, he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms, beauty, or anything else complimentary. Her rejection of his advances builds a kind of humility in him. Darcy demonstrates his continued devotion to Elizabeth, in spite of his distaste for her low connections,

when he rescues Lydia and the entire Bennet family from disgrace, and when he goes against the wishes of his haughty aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, by continuing to pursue Elizabeth. Darcy proves himself worthy of Elizabeth, and she ends up repenting her earlier, overly harsh judgment of him.

• Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley Elizabeth’s beautiful elder sister and Darcy’s wealthy best friend, Jane and Bingley engage in a courtship that occupies a central place in the novel. They first meet at the ball in Meryton and enjoy an immediate mutual attraction. They are spoken of as a potential couple throughout the book, long before anyone imagines that Darcy and Elizabeth might marry. Despite their centrality to the narrative, they are vague characters, sketched by Austen rather than carefully drawn. Indeed, they are so similar in nature and behavior that they can be described together: both are cheerful, friendly, and good-natured, always ready to think the best of others; they lack entirely the prickly egotism of Elizabeth and Darcy. Jane’s gentle spirit serves as a foil for her sister’s fiery, contentious nature, while Bingley’s eager friendliness contrasts with Darcy’s stiff pride. Their principal characteristics are goodwill and

compatibility, and the contrast of their romance with that of Darcy and Elizabeth is remarkable. Jane and Bingley exhibit to the reader true love unhampered by either pride or prejudice, though in their simple goodness, they also demonstrate that such a love is mildly dull.

• Mr. Bennet is the patriarch of the Bennet household— the husband of Mrs. Bennet and the father of Jane, Elizabeth, Lydia, Kitty, and Mary. He is a man driven to exasperation by his ridiculous wife and difficult daughters. He reacts by withdrawing from his family and assuming a detached attitude punctuated by bursts of sarcastic humor. He is closest to Elizabeth because they are the two most intelligent Bennets. Initially, his dry wit and self-possession in the face of his wife’s hysteria make him a sympathetic figure, but, though he remains likable throughout, the reader gradually loses respect for him as it becomes clear that the price of his detachment is considerable. Detached from his family, he is a weak father and, at critical moments, fails his family. In particular, his foolish indulgence of Lydia’s immature behavior nearly leads

with Wickham. Further, upon her disappearance, he proves largely ineffective. It is left to Mr. Gardiner and Darcy to track Lydia down and rectify the situation. Ultimately, Mr. Bennet would rather withdraw from the world than cope with it.

• Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character. Noisy and foolish, she is a woman consumed by the desire to see her daughters married and seems to care for nothing else in the world. Ironically, her single-minded pursuit of this goal tends to backfire, as her lack of social graces alienates the very people (Darcy and Bingley) whom she tries desperately to attract. Austen uses her continually to highlight the necessity of marriage for young women. Mrs. Bennet also serves as a middle-class counterpoint to such upper-class snobs as Lady Catherine and Miss Bingley, demonstrating that foolishness can be found at every level of society. In the end, however, Mrs. Bennet proves such an unattractive figure, lacking redeeming characteristics of any kind, that some readers have accused Austen of unfairness in portraying her—as if Austen, like Mr. Bennet, took perverse pleasure in poking

fun at a woman already scorned as a result of her ill breeding.

British Novel Pride and Prejudice chapter 1. 2. 3 • Answer the following questions: • 1) Why is Mrs. Bennet so pleased that Mr. Bingley has arrived in the neighbourhood? Because she can make one of her daughters marry Mr. Bingley who is very rich. • 2) Why do the ladies begin to dislike Mr. Darcy? He is so proud that he looks down on his social inferiors.

British Novel Pride and Prejudice chapter 1. 2. 3 • 3) Why does Elizabeth, in particular, dislike him? Although he is intelligent and honest, his excess of pride causes him to look down on his social inferiors. • 4) What does Bingley start to feel about Jane? What is Elizabeth's worry on this point? He falls in love with Jane as soon as he sees her. A. his easy going nature, B no caring about class differences. • 5) What does Darcy start to feel about Elizabeth? Does Elizabeth feel the same? • Even though she is intelligent and sensible, his classconsciousness does not make him admire and love her.

British Novel Pride and Prejudice chapter 1. 2. 3 • Topics for discussion • 1) Wealth affects the marriage in the modern society. Compare the issues in the society in text and that in the modern society. • Wealth is a key factor in the marriage, as the first sentence in this novel. The arrival of Mr. Bingley (with the news of his fortune) is the big event that sets the novel in motion. • In modern society, …. • 2) What is the attitude toward marriage in Victorian age which is shown in the characterization of Mr. Collins and Mrs. Bennett? They are the combinations of snobbish and obsequious. Mr. Collins inherits Mr. Bennet’s property. He flatters his social superiors by mentioning that Lady Catherine de Bourgh serves as his patroness. Mrs. Bennett is another foolish person whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married.

Pride and Prejudice Ch. 4, 5, 6 4) Chapter 6에서 Mrs. Bennet를 대신한 이 상적 어머니상은 누구인가? 왜 그런가? 5) Miss Bingley로부터 온 편지--Mr. Bingley가 Georgina Darcy에게 관심이 있다 는 내용--을 받고 Elizabeth와 Jane은 다른 반응을 보이는데, 어떤 식으로 다른지? 6) Contrast between the courtship between Jane and Bingley, between Darcy and Elizabeth.

Pride and Prejudice ch. 7. 8. 9 • 1) Darcy's proposal is the turning point in this novel. Until he asks her to marry him, Elizabeth's main preoccupation with Darcy centers around dislike; after proposal, the novel chronicles the slow growth of her love. Why does she refuse him, because. . . • 2) Why does the writer introduce the figure of Colonel Fitzwilliam here? How does he influence the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth? (Contrast him with Wickham)

Pride and Prejudice ch. 7. 8. 9 • 3) What is his reason for not proposing to her earlier? When Darcy proposes a marriage to Elizabeth, he mentions her inferior social class which makes her angry. Let's discuss the importance of social class in the novel, focusing on the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy. • 4) How is Elizabeth's response to Darcy's proposal? Do you think that the writer shows her feministic view in the description of Elizabeth?

Pride and Prejudice ch. 7. 8. 9 • 5) Elizabeth experiences a sort of selfrecognition when she reads Darcy's letter. What does his letter reveal? How does it contribute to her self-growth? (arrogance to humble) • 6) Contrast Elizabeth's maturity concerning Darcy and Lydia's girlish imprudence toward Wickham.

Pride and Prejudice ch. 7. 8. 9 • 7) "And I might have been mistress of this place!" she thought. As Elizabeth tours the beautiful estate of Pembley with the Gardiners, she imagines what it would be like to be mistress there, as Darcy's wife. Her visit constitutes a critical step in her progress toward marrying Darcy. The house is itself a symbol of his pride. Do you think that the above sentence shows her interest in materialistic side in marriage?

Pride and Prejudice ch. 7. 8. 9 • 8) The housekeeper describes Darcy as "the sweetest, most generous-hearted boy in the world. " How does Elizabeth respond to this comment? How does this comment function to break down Elizabeth's prejudice against him? • 9) The reader meets Georgiana Darcy for the first here. Previously she is described as a possible wife for Mr. Bingley because of her beauty and accomplishment. In person, she is shy. she is not seen as a threat to Jane. How is the reader's response to Miss Bingley?

Pride and Prejudice ch 10, 11, 12 • 1) Compare and contrast the Bingley. Darcy relationship with the Jane. Elizabeth relationship. • 2) Compare and contrast the roles of Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mrs. Bennet. (see ch. 12)

Pride and Prejudice ch 10, 11, 12 • 3) What does Lydia and Wickham's elopement influence the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth? • 4) Discuss about the role Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner in the elopement of Lydia와 Wickham • 5) Elizabeth read this letter with a mixture of pleasure and pain. Why does she feel this ambivalent feeling about Darcy?

Jane Eyre • 1) Will Jane be able to start a new and happier life at Lowood school? • 2) What effect will and school and her friend on her character? • 3) What sort of job opportunities were available for women with no family or money?

Jane Eyre – Theme 1 • 1) Love versus Autonomy • 2) Religion • 3) Social class

Jane Eyre – Theme 2 • 4) Gender Relations • 5) Substitute mothers • 6) Red Room