1 Pidgin and Creole 2 Difference 3 Creole

1. Pidgin and Creole 2. Difference 3. Creole of Caribbean English - Pronunciation / Grammar / Vocabulary 4. The life cycle of a creole 5. The Atlantic creoles and their characteristics

Word • Contact languages (which arose through close contact between unrelated languages) • Mixed languages

Pidgin Ø Reduced and simplified makeshift language used for contacts between people who don’t share a common language. (especially trading contacts) Ø Alteration of business

Creole Ø If a pidgin language is transmitted from parents to children it may become the mother tongue of a community and so turn into a creole.

Distinctions between varieties. - An example from Guyana. (177 p) • Acrolect. 상충 방언. (closest to the standard language) • Mesolect. 중층 방언. (intermediate) • Basilect. 하층 방언. (closest to the Creole)

Creole, the more standard varieties of Caribbean English. 2. Grammar 178 p. 의문문 - 주어와 동사의 순서를 바꾸거나, do 를 사용하지 않음. - 상승하는 의문문 억양을 사용. ex) Do you like this music? You like this music? (크레올어의 전형적인 의문 어순)

Creole, the more standard varieties of Caribbean English. 3. Vocabulary 178 p. 1) 카리브해 영어의 어휘는 풍부하고, 독창적이고, 다양함. 2) 신조어 또한 풍부함. ex) attaclapse > ‘a very big event’ bandulu > ‘bandit, criminal’ downpressor > ‘oppressor’

문법적 특징(1) –p 186 • 동사 끝 어미의 변화 없음 ex) He loves the child > He love di pikni • be 동사의 생략 ex) The child is ill > Di pikni sik • 동사의 연속이 일반적임 ex) I used to walk come down de road. Dem go try get it. • 부사 대신 형용사가 일반적으로 사용됨 ex) She sing real soft > She sing real sof

문법적 특징(2) • 명사는 대개 복수형 –s 를 붙이지 않음 ex) two book, dem creature • ’s (apostrophe s) 없음 ex) that man’s car > dat man car • 대명사에서, Iㆍmeㆍmy, we ㆍus ㆍour 의 구분이 없음 ex) We may meet our music > We may meet we music. • 복제된 형식과 반복을 나타내는 말이 자주 사용됨 ex) choosy > picky-picky huge > big-big

4. 참고 자료 Author, Jan Svartvik ＆ Geoffrey Leech (2006), From Caribbean English to Creole, English, one tongue, many voices.

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