1 Physical examination Vital signs Inspection jugular vein

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 • 1. Physical examination / Vital signs Inspection jugular vein trachea respiratory muscle

• 1. Physical examination / Vital signs Inspection jugular vein trachea respiratory muscle Auscultation breathing sound heart sound • 2. Image study 2021/10/24 4

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下列何者為自發氣胸之最常見原因: • A. TB • B. Small bleb破裂 • C. Emphysema • D. Lung

下列何者為自發氣胸之最常見原因: • A. TB • B. Small bleb破裂 • C. Emphysema • D. Lung cancer • E. Endometriosis 2021/10/24 10

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Operator Assistant operator

Operator Assistant operator

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Complication of Pneumothorax • • • Tension pneumothorax Re-expansion pulmonary edema Persistent air leak

Complication of Pneumothorax • • • Tension pneumothorax Re-expansion pulmonary edema Persistent air leak Hemothorax (less than 5%) Pneumomediastinum

 • More than 1, 500 m. L of blood immediately evacuated by tube

• More than 1, 500 m. L of blood immediately evacuated by tube thoracostomy. • Persistent bleeding from the chest, defined as 150 m. L/h to 200 m. L/h for 2 hours to 4 hours. • Persistent blood transfusion is required to maintain hemodynamic stability. 2021/10/24 24

VTAS 2021/10/24 25

VTAS 2021/10/24 25

VATS: technical considerations

VATS: technical considerations