1 MUSCLE ENERGETICS Frank starling Law Greater the

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MUSCLE ENERGETICS

MUSCLE ENERGETICS

Frank starling Law Greater the initial length of the Sarcomere, Greater will be the

Frank starling Law Greater the initial length of the Sarcomere, Greater will be the Force of Contraction

LENGTH-TENSION Diagram (Frank-Starling Law) Greater the initial length of the Sarcomere, Greater will be

LENGTH-TENSION Diagram (Frank-Starling Law) Greater the initial length of the Sarcomere, Greater will be the Force of Contraction Z M A X I M U M Z

Energy Sources & metabolism in skeletal Muscles • ATP- (Immediate source) Phosphocreatinine Anaerobic glycolysis

Energy Sources & metabolism in skeletal Muscles • ATP- (Immediate source) Phosphocreatinine Anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic Glycolysis

Muscle Contraction • In muscular system contraction means muscle fibers generating tension with the

Muscle Contraction • In muscular system contraction means muscle fibers generating tension with the help motor neurons and while under tension the muscle may shorten , lengthen or remain the same.

• Muscle tension: The force exerted on an object by a muscle is

• Muscle tension: The force exerted on an object by a muscle is known as muscle tension • Muscle Load: The force exerted on the muscle by an object is the muscle load.

Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction. Types of Contraction Isotonic. Length changes but Tension remains

Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction. Types of Contraction Isotonic. Length changes but Tension remains constant. Two Forms of Isotonic Cont. 1. Concentric (Muscle shortens while lifting the weight) 2. Eccentric ( while putting the weight back, the muscle lengthens) Or walking down hill

Types of Contraction • Isometric. Tension is increased but Length remains constant. • .

Types of Contraction • Isometric. Tension is increased but Length remains constant. • . e. g Isometric Contraction in the heart

Isometric versus Isotonic contraction • Latent period is longer in isotonic contraction as compared

Isometric versus Isotonic contraction • Latent period is longer in isotonic contraction as compared to isometric contraction

Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction Simple Muscle Twitch; Comprised of 3 phases: 1. Latent

Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction Simple Muscle Twitch; Comprised of 3 phases: 1. Latent Period. 2. Contraction Phase 3. Relaxation phase

Isometric Contractions for different Types of muscles

Isometric Contractions for different Types of muscles

Treppe (Stair-Case Phenomenon) • Treppe: • When a series of maximal stimuli are delivered

Treppe (Stair-Case Phenomenon) • Treppe: • When a series of maximal stimuli are delivered to Skeletal muscle just below the tetanizing frequency, the tension developed by each Twitch increases (Second stimulus elicits a stronger response) • Perhaps due to increase in intracellular Ca 2+.

TETANIZING FREQUENCY • How many times you are stimulating the nerve fiber per second

TETANIZING FREQUENCY • How many times you are stimulating the nerve fiber per second to obtain full tetanization. 10 -15 stimuli/sec

SUMMATION • The adding together of individual twitch contractions to increase the intensity of

SUMMATION • The adding together of individual twitch contractions to increase the intensity of overall muscle contraction is called summation. Multiple fiber summation Frequency summation----Tetanization

Motor Unit Single Motor Neuron & all Muscle Fibers it innervates constitute a single

Motor Unit Single Motor Neuron & all Muscle Fibers it innervates constitute a single Motor Unit. α- motor N

Some Diseases related to Muscles

Some Diseases related to Muscles

MUSCLE FATIGUE • Prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle leads to muscle fatigue.

MUSCLE FATIGUE • Prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle leads to muscle fatigue. • Characteristics of Fatigued muscle 1. Decreased shortening velocity 2. Slower rate of relaxation

• Onset and rate of development of Fatigue include 1. Type of skeletal

• Onset and rate of development of Fatigue include 1. Type of skeletal muscle fiber that is active. 2. Intensity and duration of contraction. 3. Degree of individual fitness.

TYPES OF FATIGUE • High frequency fatigue Includes high frequency short duration exercise e.

TYPES OF FATIGUE • High frequency fatigue Includes high frequency short duration exercise e. g weight lifting. • Low frequency fatigue Includes low intensity long duration exercise e. g long distance running. • Central command fatigue

• Causes of high frequency fatigue Conductive fatigue Lactic acid build up Inhibition

• Causes of high frequency fatigue Conductive fatigue Lactic acid build up Inhibition of cross bridge cycling. • Causes of low frequency fatigue Decreased muscle glycogen low blood glucose Dehydration Junctional fatigue

• Central command fatigue Appropriate regions of cerebral cortex fail to send excitatory

• Central command fatigue Appropriate regions of cerebral cortex fail to send excitatory signals to the motor neurons.

• Fatigue results mainly from inability of the contractile and metabolic processes of

• Fatigue results mainly from inability of the contractile and metabolic processes of the muscle fiber to continue supplying the same work output.

Starling 2005 DESENCARNAO E REENCARNAO ATRAVS Starling 2005Starling 2005 DESENCARNAO E REENCARNAO ATRAVS Starling 2005
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STARLING FRAMEWORK What is Starling Framework It isSTARLING FRAMEWORK What is Starling Framework It is
Jeopardy Muscle characteristics Muscle Tissue Muscle anatomy MuscleJeopardy Muscle characteristics Muscle Tissue Muscle anatomy Muscle
SDNT Cell Energetics Cell Energetics CELL RESPIRATION AerobicSDNT Cell Energetics Cell Energetics CELL RESPIRATION Aerobic
Energetics 6 1 What is Energetics 6 2Energetics 6 1 What is Energetics 6 2
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La legge di Frank Starling legge del cuoreLa legge di Frank Starling legge del cuore
La legge di Frank Starling legge del cuoreLa legge di Frank Starling legge del cuore
Stroke VolumeSV Frank Starling Principle End diastolic volumeStroke VolumeSV Frank Starling Principle End diastolic volume
Muscle Anatomy and Contraction Muscle Music Muscle TermsAnatomyMuscle Anatomy and Contraction Muscle Music Muscle TermsAnatomy
Muscle Reading What is Muscle Reading Muscle ReadingMuscle Reading What is Muscle Reading Muscle Reading
Muscle Contraction Muscle structure Proteins in muscle SlidingMuscle Contraction Muscle structure Proteins in muscle Sliding
Muscle Physiology Muscle activity The muscle contraction isMuscle Physiology Muscle activity The muscle contraction is
Muscle Physiology Skeletal muscle function Muscle Strength AMuscle Physiology Skeletal muscle function Muscle Strength A
MUSCLE PERFORMANCE EXERCISES Muscle Performance Muscle Performance refersMUSCLE PERFORMANCE EXERCISES Muscle Performance Muscle Performance refers
MUSCLE I Types of muscle A Striated muscleMUSCLE I Types of muscle A Striated muscle
MUSCLE TISSUE 1 Skeletal muscle 2 Cardiac muscleMUSCLE TISSUE 1 Skeletal muscle 2 Cardiac muscle
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY MUSCLE INTRODUCTION Muscle cells like neuronsMUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY MUSCLE INTRODUCTION Muscle cells like neurons
Muscle Physiology Muscles Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle SmoothMuscle Physiology Muscles Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth
MUSCLE CONTRACTION Muscle Contraction Muscle contractions begin withMUSCLE CONTRACTION Muscle Contraction Muscle contractions begin with
The Muscular System Skeletal Muscle Muscle anatomy MuscleThe Muscular System Skeletal Muscle Muscle anatomy Muscle
ARRANGEMENT OF A MUSCLE Muscle Fascicle Muscle FiberARRANGEMENT OF A MUSCLE Muscle Fascicle Muscle Fiber