1 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus M R S
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חיידקים עמידים שכיחים התראה - חיידקי 1. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus( M. R. S. A. ) 2. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (V. R. E. ) 3. Acinetobacter baumannii ( בלבד COLESTIN – )רגיש ל 4. Pseudomonas ( בלבד 5. ESBL COLESTIN - )רגיש ל 6. CRE 7. CLOSTRIDIUM 7 11/27/2020
Recovery of VRE from Hands and Environmental Surfaces § Up to 41% of healthcare worker’s hands sampled (after patient care and before hand hygiene) were positive for VRE 1 § VRE were recovered from a number of environmental surfaces in patient rooms § VRE survived on a countertop for up to 7 days 2 1 8 Hayden MK, Clin Infect Diseases 2000; 31: 1058 -1065. 2 Noskin G, Infect Control and Hosp Epidemi 1995; 16: 577 -581. 11/27/2020
The Iceberg Effect Infected Colonized 11 11/27/2020
Colonized or Infected: What is the Difference? People who carry bacteria without evidence of infection (fever, increased white blood cell count) are colonized If an infection develops, it is usually from bacteria that colonize patients Bacteria that colonize patients can be transmitted from one patient to another by the hands of healthcare workers n n n ~ Bacteria can be transmitted even if the patient is not infected ~ 12 11/27/2020
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Bacterial Reduction Ability of Hand Hygiene Agents to Reduce Bacteria on Hands 22 % 99. 9 Time After Disinfection log 0 60 180 minutes 3. 0 99. 0 2. 0 90. 0 1. 0 0. 0 Alcohol-based handrub (70% Isopropanol) Antimicrobial soap (4% Chlorhexidine) Baseline Plain soap Adapted from: Hosp Epidemiol Infect Control, 2 nd Edition, 1999. 11/27/2020
Efficacy of Hand Hygiene Preparations in Killing Bacteria 23 Good Better Plain Soap Antimicrobial soap Best Alcohol-based handrub 11/27/2020
Summary Alcohol-Based Handrubs: What benefits do they provide? Require less time More effective for standard handwashing than soap 24 n n More accessible than sinks n Reduce bacterial counts on hands n Improve skin condition n 11/27/2020
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PREVENTION IS PRIMARY! Protect patients…protect healthcare personnel… promote quality healthcare! 37 11/27/2020
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