1 Managing Interpersonal Relationship BUILDING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Kamal

1 Managing Interpersonal Relationship BUILDING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Kamal Pradhan/ NASC 22 December 2021

Interpersonal Relationship (IR) 2 A fundamental basis of a person’s social existence A core part of managerial and professional role Determinant of managerial success and effectiveness Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

IR - Concept 3 A pattern of Mutual behaviors towards one another. The underlying forces determining such behaviors, and their outcomes or impact for the persons involved. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

IR - Nature 4 Positive or healthy leading to mutually productive, beneficial and satisfying outcomes. Negative or unhealthy leading to mutually defeating actions or bad feelings. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Dimensions of IR 5 Interpersonal competencies Interpersonal orientations Interpersonal transactions Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Structural analysis 6 It deals with the structure of the personality. A personality consists of three ego states. (I) Parent ego state (P) (II) Adult ego state (A) (III) Child ego state (C) Ego States can be identified by a person’s word, tone of voice, facial expression and by the response because ego state tends to stimulate certain ego states in other people. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Parent Ego State 7 The Parent is like a tape recorder. It is a collection of pre-recorded, pre-judged, prejudiced codes for living. When a person is in the Parent ego state s/he thinks, feels and behaves like one of his/her parents or someone who took their place. Sub Ego States Critical Parent (CP) Nurturing Parent (NP) Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Adult ego state 8 This ego state can be described as a person’s concept of life as thought by himself It is an autonomous set of feelings, attitude and behavior patterns which are adapted to the current reality. When in the adult ego state the person functions as a human Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

9 The key goal in TA is to put Adult in charge of a person’s personality Some of the Adult behaviour: Questioning logically Seeking information Solving problem Thinking Giving information Seeking alternative solutions Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021 Giving and receiving co-operation

Child ego states 10 When a person is in the child ego state s/he acts like a child s/he once were. The Child is the part of a person that reflects life as it is felt. Two major forms of child state: The natural child The adopted child Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

General behaviour pattern 11 Natural Child Adopted Child Spontaneous reaction Freely expressing the feeling Being excited other Aggressive and violent Submissive Seeking sympathy Dependent on Apologizing Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Ego Portraits People have favorite preferred ego state, depicted by larger circle in a diagram Parent Adult Child P A C

Ego States Behaviour based on dominant ego state(s) Constant ego state: over-dominant ego state excluding other ego states No ego state good or bad in itself: produces certain consequences Inappropriate use of ego states: interpersonal problems

Transactional Analysis 14 A transaction is an art of communication or interaction between two people. A transaction starts with a stimulus and ends with a response to the stimulus. Since each individual involved in the group transaction that has three ego states, the transaction are between Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Types of transactions 15 Complementary Transaction: Both the transacting persons use only one of their three ego states Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Complementary Interaction, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person. Parallel communication arrows, communication continues

Complementary Transaction P P A A C C A: What time do you have? B: I’ve got 11: 15 A: You are late. B: I’m sorry, it wont happen again

Crossed Transaction: 18 The response to a message either does not come from the same egostate of the receiver toward which the message was directed, or is not received by the ego state of the speaker which originally transmitted it. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Crossed Transactions P P A A C C A: What time do you have? B: There’s the clock on the wall, why don’t you figure it out yourself A: You are late. B: Yeah, I know. I had a flat tire.

Covert or Ulterior Transaction: 20 The actual or intended meaning of the message is different than what is literally expressed through the message. Since UT have hidden meaning they often, if prolonged, may transform the transactions into psychological game. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Ulterior Transaction Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly stated P P A A C C A: How about coming up to my room and listening to some music?

Life Position Analysis 22 Life position comprises certain ingrained convictions about the worth of the self and others. I’m OK, you are Ok – healthy position I’m OK, you are not Ok – paranoid position I’m not OK, you are Ok – depressive position I’m not OK, you are not Ok – futility position Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

Principles of Transactions 23 Use adult, nurturing parent and natural child ego states most of the times. Use complementary transactions Operate from “I’m OK, you’re OK” life position. Managing Interpersonal Relationship 22 December 2021

JOHARI Window: An Interpersonal Communications Model KNOWN TO ME UNKNOWN TO ME KNOWN TO OTHERS Public Arena Open Blind (spot) Bad Breath Salad Teeth UNKNO WN TO OTHERS Hidden Avoided Private Unknown Unconscious

When you share about yourself or self-disclose: KNOWN TO ME KNOWN TO OTHERS UNKNO WN TO OTHERS Public Arena Open Hidden Avoided Private UNKNOWN TO ME Blind (spot) Bad Breath Salad Teeth Unknown Unconscious

When you solicit or receive feedback: KNOWN TO ME KNOWN TO OTHERS UNKNO WN TO OTHERS Public Arena Open Hidden Avoided Private UNKNOWN TO ME Blind (spot) Bad Breath Salad teeth Unknown Unconscious

When you solicit or receive feedback and self-disclose: KNOWN TO ME KNOWN TO OTHERS UNKNO WN TO OTHERS Public Arena Open Hidden Avoided Private UNKNOWN TO ME Blind (spot) Bad Breath Salad Teeth Unknown Unconscious

JOHARI Window in Groups: Ideal KNOWN TO ME KNOWN TO OTHERS UNKNOWN TO ME Public Arena Open Blind (spot) Bad Breath Salad Teeth Hidden Avoided Private Unknown Unconscious