1 Leprosy Filename Leprosy ppt 1192022 2 Outline

1 Leprosy Filename: Leprosy. ppt 1/19/2022

2 Outline Organism n Clinical findings n Diagnosis n Treatment n Epidemiology n Prevention and control n 1/19/2022

3 Mycobacterium leprae Unable to cultivate n Smears & scrapings n – Acid fast rod – Single, parallel bundles, masses n Intracellular – endothelial cells of blood vessels – nerves – mononuclear cells 1/19/2022

4 Endothelial cells n Grows in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels 1/19/2022

Intracellular Growth in Superficial Nerves 5 Nerve 1/19/2022

6 Experimental models n Mice – Foot pads – local granulomatous lesion – limited multiplication n Armadillo – quadruplets 1/19/2022

7 Lepromin Skin Test Analogue of tuberculin test n Extract of macular lesions n Inject subdermally n 1/19/2022

8 Clinical findings n Cooler tissues of body – skin, superficial, nerves, noses, larynx eyes and testicles 1/19/2022

9 Types of Leprosy Lepromatous n Tuberculoid n 1/19/2022

10 Lepromatous Leprosy Progressive but slow n malign n nodular skin lesion n Symmetric nerve involvement n many acid fast bacilli n Positive lepromin test n 1/19/2022

11 Tuberculoid Leprosy Non progressive n Benign n Macular skin lesions n Asymmetric nerve involvement n Few acid fast bacilli n Lepromin negative n 1/19/2022

12 Eye Involvement 1/19/2022

13 Skin Lesions Pale n Macular lesion 1 -10 cm n anaesthetic n 1/19/2022

14 Neurological involvement n Nerve infiltration & thickening – anaesthesia – neuritis n Causes – Trophic ulcers – Bone Reabsorption – shortening of Digits 1/19/2022

15 Trophic ulcers 1/19/2022

Bone Reabsorption 16 1/19/2022

17 Shortening of Digits 1/19/2022

18 Diagnosis Clinical findings n Scrapings Acid fast bacilli n Biopsy n – Nerve involvement n Lepromin test Tests for syphilis false positive 1/19/2022

19 Treatment n Special sulfones – Dapsone (diaminodiphenylsufone) Rifampin n Long term treatment n – Months- years 1/19/2022

20 Epidemiology Mode of transmission ? ? ? n Children most susceptible n – Contracted from close family members Very long term incubation period n Onset as adults n 1/19/2022

21 Prevention & Control Separate patients & young children in family n Chemotherapy of patients & family n BCG vaccination n 1/19/2022

22 The End 1/19/2022

Performance Objectives Key terms, concepts short answers 23

24 Key Terms 1/19/2022

25 Key Terms 1/19/2022

26 Key Organisms 1/19/2022

Key Concepts 27

28 Epidemiology of ? ? ? Disease/bacterial factors n Transmission n Who is at risk n Geography/ season n Incidence n Modes of control n 1/19/2022

29 Short Answers Construct a table of the virulence factors associated with ? ? ? and the biological activity of each n Describe the clinical manifestations of ? ? ? n Construct a table listing the common ? ? ? species and the associated human diseases. n 1/19/2022