1 Leprosy Filename Leprosy ppt 1032020 2 Outline
- Slides: 29
1 Leprosy Filename: Leprosy. ppt 10/3/2020
2 Outline Organism n Clinical findings n Diagnosis n Treatment n Epidemiology n Prevention and control n 10/3/2020
3 Mycobacterium leprae Unable to cultivate n Smears & scrapings n – Acid fast rod – Single, parallel bundles, masses n Intracellular – endothelial cells of blood vessels – nerves – mononuclear cells 10/3/2020
4 Endothelial cells n Grows in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels 10/3/2020
Intracellular Growth in Superficial Nerves 5 Nerve 10/3/2020
6 Experimental models n Mice – Foot pads – local granulomatous lesion – limited multiplication n Armadillo – quadruplets 10/3/2020
7 Lepromin Skin Test Analogue of tuberculin test n Extract of macular lesions n Inject subdermally n 10/3/2020
8 Clinical findings n Cooler tissues of body – skin, superficial, nerves, noses, larynx eyes and testicles 10/3/2020
9 Types of Leprosy Lepromatous n Tuberculoid n 10/3/2020
10 Lepromatous Leprosy Progressive but slow n malign n nodular skin lesion n Symmetric nerve involvement n many acid fast bacilli n Positive lepromin test n 10/3/2020
11 Tuberculoid Leprosy Non progressive n Benign n Macular skin lesions n Asymmetric nerve involvement n Few acid fast bacilli n Lepromin negative n 10/3/2020
12 Eye Involvement 10/3/2020
13 Skin Lesions Pale n Macular lesion 1 -10 cm n anaesthetic n 10/3/2020
14 Neurological involvement n Nerve infiltration & thickening – anaesthesia – neuritis n Causes – Trophic ulcers – Bone Reabsorption – shortening of Digits 10/3/2020
15 Trophic ulcers 10/3/2020
Bone Reabsorption 16 10/3/2020
17 Shortening of Digits 10/3/2020
18 Diagnosis Clinical findings n Scrapings Acid fast bacilli n Biopsy n – Nerve involvement n Lepromin test Tests for syphilis false positive 10/3/2020
19 Treatment n Special sulfones – Dapsone (diaminodiphenylsufone) Rifampin n Long term treatment n – Months- years 10/3/2020
20 Epidemiology Mode of transmission ? ? ? n Children most susceptible n – Contracted from close family members Very long term incubation period n Onset as adults n 10/3/2020
21 Prevention & Control Separate patients & young children in family n Chemotherapy of patients & family n BCG vaccination n 10/3/2020
22 The End 10/3/2020
Performance Objectives Key terms, concepts short answers 23
24 Key Terms 10/3/2020
25 Key Terms 10/3/2020
26 Key Organisms 10/3/2020
Key Concepts 27
28 Epidemiology of ? ? ? Disease/bacterial factors n Transmission n Who is at risk n Geography/ season n Incidence n Modes of control n 10/3/2020
29 Short Answers Construct a table of the virulence factors associated with ? ? ? and the biological activity of each n Describe the clinical manifestations of ? ? ? n Construct a table listing the common ? ? ? species and the associated human diseases. n 10/3/2020