1 Introduction Problem 2 The Study of Aesthetics

1. Introduction & Problem 2. The Study of Aesthetics 3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 4. Innovative Applications of Aesthetics 5. Conclusions

1 Origins of the Behavioral Study of Envl. Aesthetics ﻧﺸﺄﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ Modern Movement (20 th C. ) Ideals Criticism Functionalism False imagery Aesthetic Puritanism Failure at social level Uniformity, stylistic standardization Impersonal, boring, does not contribute to environment Industrial products False values

2 New directions in architecture ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ Came as a response to criticism of modern architecture Search for NEW aesthetics

3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 3. 1 Architectural & urban theories of aesthetics ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ 3. 2 Environment-behavior theories of aesthetics ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ

3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 3. 1 Architectural & urban theories of aesthetics ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ Philosophical theories Architectural/urban theories Pluralism of contemporary architectural aesthetics

Architectural Direction Aesthetic Imagery New Modernism Loyal to modernism, emphasize aesthetics of formal composition – E. g. Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmy, I. M. Pei, Rem Koolhaus, Steven Holl Post Modernism Rejection of simplistic expression of International Style, calls for use of ornamentation, increase complexity and ambiguity – E. g. Michael Graves, Robert Stern Popular Architecture Rejects functional expression of form in favor of bold ornamentation with “funny” or “sarcastic” attitude reflecting a culture of consumerism and popular values – E. g. Michael Graves, Robert Stern, Arate Isozaki (it is an exaggerated expression of post modernism Regionalism Based on the language of the local traditions, and context – E. g. Antoine Predock Contemporary Vernacular Rejects “aesthetic anonymity of International Style Modernism” (Steele, 1997, p. 226) in favor of traditional national styles – E. g. Hassan Fathy, Rasem Badran, Ricardo Legorreta (similar to regionalism)

Architectural Direction Aesthetic Imagery Structural expressionism (“relying upon the dynamic accentuation of elements of construction; ” Curtis, New 1996, p. 661) – E. g. Santiago Calatrava Expressionism Formal fragmentation (ambiguity by breaking normal conventions of form relationships) – E. g. Frank Gehry High-Tech Architecture Expression of technology that emulated product design – E. g. Richard Rogers, Norman Foster Classical Revival Reinterprets language of classical architecture in new forms and uses Manipulation of form assisted by computer Computer Age advancement – E. g. Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Daniel Design Libeskind Ecological design / Sustainable architecture Relies on environmental and ecological principles of nature to derive aesthetic imagery by combining architecture with nature – E. g. Ken Yeang

ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ Elements of Design Principles of Design Line ﺍﻟﺨﻂ Shape ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ Value ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺿﺎﺀﺓ Color ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ Movement ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ Size ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ Pattern ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ Aesthetic design principles and elements of design in art and architecture (Leland, 1990 & others) Unity Harmony Contrast Rhythm Repetition Gradation Balance Dominance / Emphasis Proportion Variety ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻻﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ

Quantitative approach to aesthetics William Mitchell Quasi-Quantitative approach to aesthetics Christopher Alexander

3 Science of environmental aesthetics ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﻪ Philosophical Metaphysical Psychoanalytical Behavioral / Psychological EMPIRICAL Sensory Aesthetics 1 Formal Aesthetics Speculative 2 Symbolic Aesthetics

3 Science of environmental aesthetics ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﻪ EMPIRICAL Aesthetics Relies on scientific or quasi-scientific techniques in the analysis of the aesthetic experience Mostly relies on correlational analysis Measure the relationship between 2 or more variables that vary naturally or deliberately by manipulation Mostly focus on formal or structural aspects of objects (as independent variables) & people’s subjective feelings about them (as dependent variables)