1 Inclusive Development Tulasi Sharan Sigdel NASC 2222021

1 Inclusive Development Tulasi Sharan Sigdel NASC 2/22/2021

Outline 2 Definitions and Meaning of Development Measures of Development Core values of Development Objectives of Development Inclusive development 2/22/2021

What is development? 3 quantity vs quality vs both? static vs dynamic? economic vs multi-dimensional? 22/02/2021

What is development? 4 A dynamic process of desirable change: structural and behavioural/functional Economic growth, reduction of poverty and inequality Change for better life (Quality of life) Enlarging people’s choices Place specific, person specific and time specific 2/22/2021

Development Debate 5 Conventional thinking Economic growth Industrialization Basic needs New thinking in development Development as freedom Capability approach of ‘Sen’: Capability to function is what matters for status as a poor/non-poor person and it goes beyond availability of commodities Capabilities: freedom in terms of choice to function 2/22/2021

Inclusive development 6 Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase the access of diverse individuals and groups to development opportunities (WB, 2002) Social inclusion is a means to shift the relationships between people and the institutions that shape the opportunity structure of their social, political and economic world (Unequal citizens, WB & DFID) that embody them towards greater equity. NASC 2014 2/22/2021

Human development is defined the process of improving the quality of life of the people and enlarging the human choices. Human development index comprises the three key components; �Income �Adult literacy �Life expectancy

Sen’s capabilities approach ‘Capability to function’ is what really matters for the status as a poor or non poor people. Sen defines capabilities as the freedom that a person in terms of the choice of functioning and capability of functioning (that reflects the various things a person may value doing and being)

Capability-based approach Value in well-being. Well-being defined as a combination of different functioning or what one manages to do or be. Capability reflects a person’s freedom and capacity to choose between different ways of living. Pluralistic conception of progress, i. e. , “Many different things are simultaneously valuable policy implication (example): deprivation and vulnerability are major concerns because they restrict capability and freedom.

Sen’s five distinct types of freedom Political freedoms Economic facilities Social opportunities Transparency guarantees, and Protective security

Empowerment approach Empowerment approach focuses on enhancing individual entitlements, capabilities, rights and freedoms. One of the pillars of the human development. Creates the conditions necessary to enable the poor to take the advantage of poverty reduction opportunities by strengthening their sociocultural, economic and political capabilities.

Empowerment index Economic empowerment � Access and control over productive resource � Access to financial resources � Access to electrification � Employment (non-farm) � Income Political empowerment � Voter turnout in national election � Number of candidacy per seat in local election

Cont… Socio-cultural empowerment � Educational attainment � Health status Infant mortality Child under nutrition Sanitation � Information communication � Participation in local organization

Meaning of development 14 NASC 2014 2/22/2021

Human Development Index 15 Life longevity Adult literacy Income for good life NASC 2014 2/22/2021

Core Values of Development Sustenance: The Ability to meet basic needs - Expand people’s capabilities and opportunities to meet basic needs Self-esteem: To be a Person - Self-respect- not being used as a tool by others Freedom : freedom from poverty, illiteracy, ill health, discrimination and exploitation 16

Objectives of inclusive Development 17 To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods To raise levels of living To expand the range of economic and social choices

Changing rule of game in development 18 Source: setopati. com NASC 2014 2/22/2021

Inclusive development: inclusion and empowerment Social Inclusion: changes – at the system level – in the external institutional environment or the rules that determine distribution of assets, capabilities and voice necessary for WPE to exercise agency. Negotiation for more inclusive Gender & equitable development and socially inclusive citizens’ rights to development Empowerment: changes – at community level – in the internal self-perception and sense of agency of citizens’ including WPE and their access to assets, capabilities and voice.

Inclusive Development as justice Micro/ Macro Sameness and difference Recognition and redistribution

Inclusive development: how? 21 Class Area Inclusive development Caste/ ethnicity Gender 2/22/2021

Inclusive development and service delivery Issues of public service and development Physical accessibility Availability of human resources Availability of material resources Organizational capacity Social accountability Relevance of the utilization of services Continuity and time of interventions Technical quality

23 Thank you !!! NASC 2014 2/22/2021