1 IEEE Referencing and Citations Introduction to Academic

1 IEEE Referencing and Citations Introduction to Academic English for Information Technology Students Module 3 (IEEE, n. d. ) ∎ IAE for IT – T. Graham

2 What is IEEE? IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers): • professional association dedicated to advancement of technology • founded in 1963: American Institute of Electrical Engineers & Institute of Radio Engineers • known for development of computer & electronics standards • IEEE citations and referencing used primarily for electronics, engineering, computer science, & IT reports ∎ IAE for IT – T. Graham

3 In-text Citations: APA Style Below is the APA citation format you have been using in this course: According to the National Climate Assessment, human influences are the number one cause of global warming, especially the carbon pollution we cause by burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests (Littlewood, 2016). The carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we release into the atmosphere act like a blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm. Evidence shows that 2000 to 2009 was hotter than any other decade in at least the past 1, 300 years (Ester, 2012). According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in 2015 there were 10 weather and climate disaster events in the United States that caused at least $1 billion in losses (Smith, 2018). For context, each year from 1980 to 2015 averaged $5. 2 billion in disasters (Littlewood, 2016). If you zero in on the years between 2011 and 2015, you see an annual average cost of $10. 8 billion (Smith, 2018). On the next slide, you will see how IEEE citations are used for the same text. ∎ IAE for IT – T. Graham

4 In-text Citations: IEEE Style According to the National Climate Assessment, human influences APA Equivalent are the number one cause of global warming, especially the carbon pollution we cause by burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests [1]. The carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we (Littlewood, 2016) release into the atmosphere act like a blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm. Evidence shows that 2000 to 2009 was hotter than any other decade in at least the past 1, 300 years [2]. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (Ester, 2012) Administration, in 2015 there were 10 weather and climate disaster events in the United States that caused at least $1 billion in losses (Smith, 2018) [3]. For context, each year from 1980 to 2015 averaged $5. 2 billion in disasters [1]. If you zero in on the years between 2011 and 2015, (Littlewood, 2016) you see an annual average cost of $10. 8 billion [3]. (Smith, 2018) In IEEE, citations are numbered in order of appearance. When a citation is repeated, the same number is used.

5 Differences: APA and IEEE Referencing Look at the two styles of listing sources below. How are they different? APA: Littlewood, C. T. (2016, October 12). Who’s concerned about desertification? The New York Times. Retrieved from http: //www. nytimes. com IEEE: C. T. Littlewood, “Who’s concerned about desertification? ” The New York Times, Oct. 2016. Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2018. [Online]. Available: http: //www. nytimes. com ∎ IAE for IT – T. Graham

6 Reference Lists: APA vs IEEE APA: ordered alphabetically Ester, P. (2012, June 9). Global warming: The causes. BBC News. Retrieved from https: //www. bbc. co. uk/news Littlewood, C. T. (2016, October 12). Who’s concerned about desertification? The New York Times. Retrieved from http: //www. nytimes. com Smith, G. (2018). The cost of global warming. Time Magazine. Retrieved from http: //www. time. com IEEE: numbered / ordered according to appearance in paper [1] C. T. Littlewood, “Who’s concerned about desertification? ” The New York Times, Oct. 2016. Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2018. [Online]. Available: http: //www. nytimes. com [2] P. Ester, “Global warming: the causes, ” BBC News, Jan. 2012. Accessed on: Sep. 19, 2018. [Online]. Available: www. bbc. co. uk/news [3] G. Smith, “The cost of global warming, ” Times Magazine, Feb. 2018. Accessed on: Aug. 8, 2018. [Online]. Available: www. times. com ∎ IAE for IT – T. Graham