1 HYPERNATREMIA HEDAYATI DR PARIN 2 CAUSES Water

2 CAUSES Water deprivation in patients unable to drink at will, hypertonic tube feedings

3 Signs and Symptoms Thirst pulmonary edema, elevated body temperature, hyperreflexia swollen dry tongue

4 Labs indicate increased serum sodium decreased urine sodium increased urine specific gravity and

5 Nursing Interventions - Delirium management - Fluid monitoring - Fluid management - Seizure

6 - Monitor vital signs - Administer oral fluids or a parenteral hypotonic solutions

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1 HYPERNATREMIA HEDAYATI DR. PARIN

2 CAUSES Water deprivation in patients unable to drink at will, hypertonic tube feedings without adequate water supplementation, diabetes insipidus, heatstroke, hyperventilation, water diarrhea, burns, diaphoresis. Excess corticosteroid, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride salt water near-drowning victims.

3 Signs and Symptoms Thirst pulmonary edema, elevated body temperature, hyperreflexia swollen dry tongue and sticky mucous nausea, and vomiting membranes, anorexia, hallucinations, increased pulse and increased BP Lethargy restlessness, irritability, focal or grand mal seizures,

4 Labs indicate increased serum sodium decreased urine sodium increased urine specific gravity and osmolality decreased CVP

5 Nursing Interventions - Delirium management - Fluid monitoring - Fluid management - Seizure precautions - Monitor level of consciousness - Institute safety measures for seizures - Maintain body alignment and assist with movement - Administer oral hygiene hourly

6 - Monitor vital signs - Administer oral fluids or a parenteral hypotonic solutions (e. g. 0. 3% Na. Cl or D 5 W) as ordered. - Monitor I&O - Monitor daily weights - Monitor laboraty findings. - Teach patient about foods high in sodium and about sodium-retaining drugs (cough medicines, cortisone, and laxatives, with sodium).