1 How many different ways of using the

1) How many different ways of using the Present Perfect do you know? 2) What time expressions do we use with the Past Simple and which ones with the Present Perfect? 3) With the Present Perfect when do we use “for” and “since”?

• • When there is always a connection with now, with the present Tom has lost his keys. (he can’t find it now, he hasn’t got it!) To give new information or to announce a recent happening Oh! I’ve cut my finger!

• When we talk about experiences in our life (about a period of time that continues from the past until now) ex. Have you ever eaten snails?

• With today / this morning / this evening etc. when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking. ex. I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today (perhaps I’ll drink more before today is finished!)

• When ‘it is the first time, second time, third etc. something has happened. time’ ex. It’s the second time my B 2 students have handed in their pieces of work ex. It’s the first time Dorian has driven a car.

• to talk about actions/facts that began in the past but still continue now, in the present. ex. Stefania and Marcello have been married for four years. (a period of time) Stefania and Marcello have been married since 2009 (since a point in time)

Note well ! The verb ‘to go’ has got two different p. p. forms: Gone and been What’s the difference between the following sentences? 1) Jo is always on holiday. He has gone to Spain 2) Giulia is back from Rome now. She has been there recently.

Ago This time last week Last month etc. For Earlier today This morning In the summer In 1966 At five o’clock In the end So far Up to now Yet, already, just For Since This morning Lately, recently Over the last fortnight Always