1 How can the humanistic movement be seen

1. How can the humanistic movement be seen as a “revolt” against both the behaviorists and the followers of the psychoanalytic approach? • The movement claimed that the other approaches failed to recognize the unique qualities of human behavior • The other approaches suggested that people are not masters of their destiny

2. Why is the humanistic approach considered to have an optimistic view of human nature? • It sees humans as unique beings, “not pawns of either their animal heritage or environmental circumstances”

3. What do Maslow and Rogers see as the keys to understanding human behavior? • Human behavior is governed by an individual’s sense of “self” • Fundamental human drive toward personal growth – to evolve as a human being Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers

4. In what areas has the humanist approach made the greatest contribution? • Innovative treatments for problems and disorders

5. Why did WWII have such a great impact on the growth of clinical psychology within the domain of applied psychology? • Clinicians were needed to screen military recruits, to treat soldiers suffering from trauma, and to help veterans

6. Why do cognitive theorists feel that it is important to study internal mental events? • People’s manipulation of mental images must affect behavior; just studying observable behavior is incomplete • Methods have been devised that can study cognitive processes scientifically

7. How is the cognitive approach related to psychology’s “roots”? • It studies “consciousness” in a scientific manner • An updated version of structuralism and functionalism

8. How does the biological approach go about explaining most behavior? • In terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave

9. Why has Western psychological research and theory focused on middleand upper-class white males? • Cross-cultural research is costly, difficult, and time-consuming • Cultural comparisons may inadvertently fostereotypes • Ethnocentrism (viewing your own group or culture as superior)

10. What is the basic premise of evolutionary psychology? • Natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms’ reproductive success • Patterns of behavior evolve in the same manner as anatomical characteristics

11. How might an evolutionary psychologist explain why men are more likely to cheat on a spouse than women? • Men have a drive to spread their genes to the greatest number of mates • Women must be more selective, and must invest more time on each offspring

12. What are some criticisms of evolutionary psychology’s approach? • It is un-testable • The explanations are post hoc (In or of the form of an argument in which one event is asserted to be the cause of a later event simply by virtue of having happened earlier) and speculative