1 Hardness resistance to scratching Diamond hardest natural

1. Hardness - resistance to scratching Diamond - hardest natural substance

2. Elasticity - ability to be stretched & return to its original size FYI - solids are more elastic than liquids & gases

3. Brittleness - a material’s tendency to shatter

4. Malleability - ability to be pounded into sheets

5. Tensile Strength - how much pulling or stretching a material can w/stand before breaking

What is a fluid? • A “fluid” is any substance that can flow. • This includes both liquids & gases. Liquid = Gas

1. Density- the amount of matter in a particular space or volume -the heaviness of a substance ex. 1 L of sand is more dense than 1 L of water is more dense than 1 L or oxygen

With density, an increase in volume results in density decrease • Particles spread out EXCEPTION: water is less dense as a solid

2. Buoyancy - measure of upward force a fluid exerts on an object

Buoyant force is = to weight of the fluid displaced FLOAT if b. f. > weight SINK if b. f. < weight NEUTRAL BUOYANCY if b. f. = weight Click next slide to play Titanic Clip (5: 36)

3. Viscosity - measures a fluid’s resistance to flow high viscosity = slow flow (ketchup, honey) low viscosity = fast flow (water)

Can viscosity be altered? –YLiquid: an increase in temperature LOWERS viscosity • ES! Factors that affect viscosity are: • Temperature –Gas: increase temperature INCREASES viscosity