1 Gene Expression Eukaryotic Cells Control Spatial Temporal
- Slides: 46
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Gene Expression �� Eukaryotic Cells Ø Control ��� Spatial & Temporal regulation F Transcriptional control ��� DNA F Alternate splicing ��� RNA F Cytoplasmic control ��� m. RNA stability F Induction ��� transcriptional activity ��� environment ��� biological factors F 2
Spatial & Temporal Regulation Spatial regulation: ������ genes ��������� (tissue-specific expression) gene product ��������� Ø Temporal regulation: ������ genes 3 ������� Ø
Transcriptional control ��� DNA ~ RNA polymerase & promoter Ø Alternate splicing ��� RNA ~ ���� RNA ������� (maturation ��� RNA( Ø Induction ��� transcriptional activity ~ ���� , hormones ������ genes ������������ (development( 4 Ø
Cytoplasmic control ��� m. RNA stability m. RNA ������ transcription ������� Ø polypeptides ������� gene ��������� Ø polypeptides ��������� Ø ������� (degradation) m. RNA ��������� genes Ø m. RNA stable ��� Poly-A tail ��� Estrogen Ø m. RNA ������ 3’ untranslated 5 Ø
Transcriptional in Eukaryotes Factors ����. 1 RNA Polymerases 2. Promoters 3. Transcription Factors 4. Enhancers. 5 Upstream promoter elements 6
. 1 RNA Polymerase RNA polymerase �� Eukaryotic cell �� 3 types ��� RNA Pol I ������� r. RNA precursor (18 S + 28 S + 5. 8 S) RNA Pol II ������� m. RNA precursor RNA Pol III ������� t. RAN precursor �� 5 S r. RNA precursor Ø RNA polymerase ���� 3 ������� eukaryote ����� Ø - s factor – structure ������� 7
. 3 Transcription Factors Ø Transcription factor ���� TF �������� RNA Polymerase ������ TATA-binding protein (TBP) F TFIIA --> TFIIH F Ø ���� DNA binding domain ��� F Transcription activation domain F 9
. 4 Enhancers and Silencers Ø Ø ������ DNA ������� stimulate transcription ��� promoter ���������������� DNA (fixed spatial relationship)����� control genes 10
Enhancer & Silencer 11
. 5 Upstream promoter elements ���� binding site ������ transcription factors ��� RNA polymerase II Ø ������� promoter Ø 12
Control ��� RNA Polymerase I ������ r. RNA (18 S, 28 S ��� 5. 8 S) Promoter: ������ (control element) ������� 2 blocks ��� 1) Core element (Core) : position ������� - 45 ��� +20 ������ RNA Polymerase 2) Upstream control element (UCE) : position ������� -156 ��� -107 ���� transcription 13 �������
RNA Pol I Promoter Human r. RNA promoter: RNA Polymerase I ������ -45 (downstream) ��� +20 (upstream) Ø TIF-I ������ -67 (downstream) ��� -14 (upstream) Ø ������� RNA Pol I - TIF-I complex ���� promoter 14 Ø
Control ��� RNA Polymerase II Promoter: �� control element 2 ������� genes 1. TATA box ���� Hogness box ��� -25 �� consensus sequence ��� TATAAAA ������� upstream promoter element 21 bp (���� 3 repeats) ������� -40 ��� 103 2. CAAT box 15
Control Elements ��� RNA Polymerase II Promoter 16
Initiation complex ��� RNA polymerase II Ø ������� TBP ��� TFII A --> H Ø 17
Enhancer ��� RNA pol II: Ø Stimulate transcription ��� promoter����� consensus sequences Ø ���� tissue-specific ���� mouse immunoglobulin enhancer ����� immunoglobulin genes ������� immune system �������� mouse. Enhancer connective tissue cell Closed promoter 18
Enhancer Ø Enhancer ���� RNA polymerase ���� promoter ������� transcription Opened Promoter 19
Control ��� RNA Polymerase III Promoter: ���� Internal promoter Ø 5 S r. RNA gene promoter : �� control element upstream ������� +55 ��� +80 Ø Ø t. RNA gene promoter �� 2 blocks ������ A block ������� +8 ��� +30 ��� 20
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Posttranscriptional Control in Eukaryote Ø Ø Ø RNA �������� �� nucleus ���� Primary transcript �������� Primary transcript ���� precursor ��� m. RNA ���� Heterogeneous nuclear 22
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hn. RNA) 23
m. RNA Processing Ø hn. RNA ����� modified ����� 3 ������� 1. Capping 2. Tailing 3. Intron Splicing 24
Capping & Methylation 26
Capping Reaction 27
. 2 Tailing Ø Ø Ø ������� Adenine �������� 3’ end (trailer) ��� hn. RNA ���� Polyadenylation ��� poly-A polymerase ����� stability ��� transportation RNA ������ nucleus 28
Tailing ��� m. RNA 29
3. Intron splicing Ø Primary transcript ��� m. RNA, t. RNA ��� r. RNA ��������� �� ������� mature RNA ������� cytoplasm ��� Ø ���� noncoding sequence ���� Intron ������ coding sequences ������ Exon 30
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m. RNA Splicing 32
Intron ���� 4 �����. 1 Group I intron : intron �� 5’ UA ��� 3’ G F nuclear r. RNA precursor ��� mitochondrail r. RNA . 2 Group II intron : intron ��’ 5 G ��� 3’ ANn-G F mitochondrial m. RNA precursor . 3 Nuclear m. RNA intron : intron ��’ 5 G ��� 3’ UACUAAC box (TACTAAC box �� DNA( F m. RNA precursor �� nucleus ��� eukaryotes 4. t. RNA intron : �������� 33
Mechanism ��� Splicing 1. Self splicing ��� Autocatalytic property of intron ��� 1. 1 ������� Guanine-containing nucleotide (GMP, GDP, GTP) ���� group I introns 1. 1 ����� Guanine-containing nucleotide ���� group II introns 34
2. Spliceosome: ������� sn. RNA ������� proteins ������� small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (sn. RNPs) ���� Snurps ���� Spliceosomes ���� m. RNA precursor 3. t. RNA precursor splicing: ��� Splicing endonuclease ��� Splicing ligase 35
Self-splicing ��� Group I intron ������� Guanine 36
Self-splicing ��� Group II intron ����� Guanine 37
Spliceosome ������� Snurps ��� sn. RNA �� enzyme activity (Ribozyme) 38
Alternate Splicing 40
t. RNA Splicing endonuclease ����� 2 ������� intron Ø Splicing ligase ����� 2 exons ������ Ø 41
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Reverse transcription ����� DNA ������ RNA ����� ��� Ø��� RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ���� Reverse transcriptase (RT) ØDNA ������� Complementary DNA (c. DNA) ØRNA tumor virus ��������� c. DNA ���������� (integrate) ���� DNA ��� host Ø 43
Reverse Transcription 44
Mechanism ��� Reverse Transcription 45
Central Dogma Update V. 1 V. 2 V. 3 V. 4 )forbidden( 46
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- Positive control vs negative control
- "pearson education"
- Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic
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- Properties of synapse
- What is temporal and spatial coherence
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- What is temporal and spatial coherence
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- Arithmetic coding in digital image processing
- Neuronal pool
- Temporal and spatial coherence
- Oflinemaps
- Gene by gene test results
- Most prominent organelle in eukaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
- 3 parts of cell theory
- Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Organelles in eukaryotic cells worksheet
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- Are chromosomes living or nonliving
- Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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- Eukaryotic plant cell diagram
- Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic reproduction
- Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Cell organelle graphic organizer
- Operon lac
- Gene expression:
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- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
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- Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues
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- Corbett maths
- Gene expression omnibus tutorial
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