1 Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors

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Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax, Nadi/Fiji Fleet Code Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes, Nadi/Fiji Fleet Codes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 2

Email Sample using Airmail Client Software and Winlink 2000 Telnet Connection 3

Position Report Sample Winlink Position Reports Detail callsign=KD 7 UMG 4

Weather GRIB File Sample Weather GRIB file data can show surface wind speed & direction, atmospheric pressures and surface temperatures in much more detail than Wfax. This sample is using Mscan Meteo File Viewer Software 5

Weather Bulletin Sample from Winlink 2000 Catalog 6

Weather Fax Sample Using JVComm 32 Software 7

Nadi/Fiji Fleet Code Sample is displayed using Phys. Plot application 8

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 9

Sailmail/Winlink 2000/Airmail Introduction The Sail. Mail Association is a non-profit association of yacht owners that operates and maintains a network of private coast stations in the Maritime Mobile Radio Service. The Association provides radioprinter (e. g. Internet email) communications for its members on a cooperative basis, in order to meet the private business and operational needs of the members' yachts. The Sail. Mail Association provides worldwide coverage through the operation of 16 stations in North America, Hawaii, Australia, Southeast Asia, South Africa and Europe. Sailmail uses the same Pactor technology as the ham radio system, and supports Pactor-1, Pactor-2 and Pactor-3 on all frequencies at all stations. Airmail can be configured for either ham or Sailmail operation, or both. With the addition of a Sailmail configuration file, the same copy of Airmail can provide service for both the ham radio and Sailmail systems. This allows Sailmail to be used for business-related messages which are not permitted on the ham bands, as well in countries where ham radio third-party traffic is not permitted. Winlink 2000 (WL 2 K) is a new ham-radio MBO system introduced in late 1999 by Hans Kessler N 8 PGR, Vic Poor W 5 SMM, Rick Meuthing KN 6 KB and Steve Waterman K 4 CJX. WL 2 K is fully integrated with the Internet, and uses Internet message forwarding to make user messages available at any station which they normally connect with. The Winlink-2000 system provides worldwide coverage through the operation of 49 stations in North America, Hawaii, Australia, Southeast Asia, South Africa and Europe. Airmail software operates as a "smart client" for accessing both WL 2 K and Sailmail networks. 10

WL 2 K and Sailmail High Network Architecture HF Radio Pactor Modem Boat Compute r Airmail WL 2 K PMBO or Sailmail Station PMBO: Participating Mail Box The Internet The WL 2 K PMBO or Sailmail station is connected to the internet at all times 11

WL 2 K Network Architecture (continued) Other computers, or CMBOs, organize and manage the network traffic. HF Radio Pactor Modem CMBOs are transparent to users. They are redundant, and you never know they are there. Boat Compute r Airmail PMBO CMBO: WL 2 K Central Mail Box Server The Internet CMBO 12

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 13

Winlink 2000 (WL 2 K) Stations worldwide (over 6000 subscribed users, free to licensed hams) Besides contacting other boats and Internet users, you may order parts, schedule fuel delivery, obtain a tow etc. Stock transactions and other activities that directly or indirectly increase the size of one’s wallet 14 are not allowed

Sailmail Stations Worldwide (over 3000 subscribed uses, $250 US/year non-ham users) Besides contacting other boats and Internet users, Sailmail can be used for commercial purposes, such as arranging bank transactions, buying/selling stock, etc. 15

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 16

Operating Procedure for Airmail Terminal Program (HF Radio) Posting message using HF Terminal program 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Build email message and “Post” in Airmail Message Index (outbox) Turn on HF Radio and modem Open the Airmail “Propagation” program (View+Propagation) from Airmail Message Index window to determine what station/PMBO and frequency to connect to Open Airmail “HF Terminal” program (Module+HF Terminal) from Airmail Message Index window and select station/PMBO and frequency Listen to make sure frequency is clear, use headphones if engine is running If frequency is clear hit green button in Terminal Program to send message If transmit speed is dog slow (< 600 bps) give up and try either another frequency, another station or another time. 1400 bps to 3200 bps are good numbers to see. This is VERY important, don’t beat a dead horse - try later when conditions improve “Send” message Receiving message using HF Terminal program 1. 2. 3. Repeat steps 2 through 6 above If receive speed is dog slow give up and try either another frequency, another station or another time “Receive” message into Airmail Message Index (Inbox) 17

Email via Airmail Terminal Program (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users) speed sending message Terminal program within Airmail sending an email through the HF radio 18

Operating Procedure for Airmail Telnet Client (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users via Internet) Posting message using Telnet Client program 1. Build email message and “Post” in Airmail Message Index (outbox) 2. Open Airmail Telnet Module (Module+Telnet Client) from Airmail Message Index window and choose Telnet Client Station/PMBO from pull-down list 3. Hit green button to send message Receiving message using Telnet Client program 1. Open Airmail Telnet Module and choose Telnet Client Station/PMBO from pull-down list 2. Hit green button to receive message The Airmail Telnet Client can be used for sending/receiving email, receiving weather bulletins, receiving GRIB files, sending/receiving position reports. In other words, everything you can do in Airmail Terminal Client at 4, 800 bps max can be done through Telnet Client at Internet speeds. We often cruise around an anchorage looking for an open Wi. Fi connection to use 19

Email via Airmail Telnet Client (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users) receiving message Note: When using Winlink 2000 Telnet Client, the rules of Amateur Radio do not apply since you are not going out over the HF airways. Business type transactions are allowed but only in Telnet 20

Using Saildocs to retrieve data (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users) Saildocs is a free service that can return text data from the Web, all you need is the URL of the source document 21

Saildocs brings back to text (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users) Here the first retrieved document (Subtropic forecast) is shown 22

Example of Surfing the Web using Saildocs, your SSB & Pactor modem We will email off for the text version of this web page so we know what to expect when we land in Opua, NZ. Airmail Telnet Client will be used but Airmail Terminal program would have also worked. The following steps apply for any email sent & received. 23

1. Add New Address 3. Compose Email, Save and Post 2. New Address Ready 4. Outbox shows Email was “Posted” 24

Propagation Airmail Helper Application 5. Check a few Propagation Reports if sending via HF Radio (View+Propagation) 25

6. Send Email 7. Outbox shows Email was sent sending message 8. Receive Response receiving message Send and Receive Email using Telnet Client 26

9. Inbox shows Email was received 10. Read Text Webpage 27

Position Reporting • Lets folks at home share in your adventures. Gives them a map to track your progress • Do let folks at home know that the lack of an updated position should not be a cause for alarm • Remember that most position reports are removed if track is not kept current (more on alternatives later) • Position reports allow you to see other cruisers in your area • Don’t report if near sensitive areas like Somalia Coast, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, Venezuela etc. • Don’t report if you don’t want people to know where you are (running from the Law, bill collectors, mother-in-law etc. ) 28

Let’s find KD 7 UMG (Tom & Dawn on SV-Warm Rain) Ham Example: The Position Reporter web page (http: //www. winlink. org/user. Positions) Select Call sign from column on right. 29

Position Report Detail for KD 7 UMG Results after clicking on “View position report for KD 7 UMG” 30

Let’s find KD 7 UMG (Tom & Dawn on SV-Warm Rain) Sailmail Example: Position Reporter web page http: //www. pangolin. co. nz/yotreps/reporter_list. php) Select Call sign from column on right. 31

Let’s find KD 7 UMG (Tom & Dawn on SV-Warm Rain) Sailmail Example: Position Reporter results 32

Yotreps Position Report Data Entry Ham users enter position report detail using the Airmail (Winlink 2000 version) position report form. Hitting “Send Now” button will enter position report in APRS database, check “Copy to Yotreps” box to also enter position report in the Yotreps database Sailmail users enter position report detail using the Airmail (Sailmail version) position report form. Hitting “Send Now” button will enter position report in the Yotreps database 33

Weather GRIB (gridded binary) File Intro What is GRIB and why does it provide so much for so little? GRIB is a code form used by operational meteorological centers for storing and exchanging meteorological charts and other patterns of wind, sea state, temperature etc. The information is put into a compressed digital, binary format that enables high speed transmission and reception. It is useful to sailors for the efficient reception of charted information using GSM, GPRS, Satellite phones or HF radio to Internet link. GRIB files augment the information one gets from Weather Fax reports. Most common GRIB data shown is surface wind speed & direction, atmospheric pressure and surface temperature. Where does the data come from and what is it? A major source is the US NWS (Numerical Weather Prediction) model, the GFS (Global Forecasting System) which calculates how the weather is expected to develop, For this purpose it defines the atmosphere on a three dimensional grid of points. The lowest level of this model is at about 20 meters above ground (or sea level). This is at a height where the pressure is about 3 h. Pa (mb) lower than at the surface of the earth. From the forecast wind at this level and using algorithms embodying surface roughness and stability, the NWS derives a forecast at 10 meters. The forecast winds are also used to drive a wave model known as the MMAB Operational Wave Model (aka wwave 3). NWS wind data in GRIB format are available, free, from at least two sources. Saildocs provide the wind at the 10 meter height above sea (or ground) level. Global Marine Networks (GMN) provides wind data from the output of wwave 3. Source: http: //www. franksingleton. clara. net/grib. html 34

Generating Saildocs GRIB file Request (Sailmail & Winlink 2000 users) Drag mouse in grid area to choose area for GRIB file in Airmail Catalog (Window+Catalogs+Saildocs), click “Request” to set GFS GRIB Parameters and Send (don’t use Subscribe at Sea) 35

Weather GRIB file Request in Airmail Outbox GRIB file is requested via email, received GRIB file is shown in View Fax viewer 36

Weather Routing using GRIB files (e. Chart overlay) GRIB file is overlaid on e. Chart in Max. Sea and Waypoint Entered 37

Weather Routing calculations (e. Cart Routing Using GRIB Data) Max. Sea Routing Module Calculates Waypoints based on GRIB Data 38

Routing Waypoints displayed on Chart Suggested Routing based on GRIB file and Boat Performance Parameters (polar) 39

Weather Bulletins (Airmail Winlink 2000 and Sailmail Catalogs) Updateable over the radio, the built-in Airmail, Winlink 2000 and Sailmail catalog of bulletins contains over 800 text-based and graphic weather products that bring the user just about every publicly available weather product type, worldwide. Weather fax images are only available to Winlink 2000 users. 40

Send for Weather Bulletins via Email 41

Weather Bulletin (continued) Resultant Weather Bulletin received by email 42

Weather Fax Many good HF radio weather fax programs exist. Most new ones tune radio through modem if frequency control cable is present • Get. Fax comes free with Airmail, bare bones program • JVComm 32 is an excellent program with good reception and image controls ($70 US) • Mscan Meteo allows you to automatically only download faxes desired, skipping over others ($149 US) When radio propagation is poor, PC time is being restricted or schedule will be missed, get the fax emailed to you • Via Winlink 2000 catalog • Via satellite phone Learn to read & understand Wfax charts: http: //www. opc. ncep. noaa. gov/Users. Guide/UGprint. html 43

Weather Fax via HF Radio Size of received file is 30 KB, cost $0. 00 44

Weather Fax via Winlink 2000 Catalog Request E Pacific 96 Hr Surface Fcst 00 Z Wefax When propagation causes poor weather fax reception or you won’t be on board when the schedule runs, get the fax emailed to you 45

Weather Fax via Winlink 2000 Catalog (continued) Size of emailed file is 13 KB, cost $0. 0 46

Weather Fax via Internet (Satellite Phone) Size of emailed file is 70 KB, cost ~ $3. 00 US ($1. 00 to send request and $2. 00 to receive fax) 47

WMO Nadi/Fiji Fleet Codes Lookup Nadi/Fiji Fleet code in either Saildocs or WL 2 K catalog Request is Posted in Outbox and Sent 48

Received Nadi/Fiji Fleet code data shown in Inbox The encoded content is very compressed and only 2 K in size 49

Nadi/Fiji Fleet code data is displayed using Phys. Plot application Phys. Plot is a free general purpose meteorological plotter with the ability to plot isobars, wind arrows, fronts, pressure systems sea temperatures and other data from a variety of sources Source: http: //www. pangolin. co. nz/physplot/index. php Reference: http: //www. yachtvalhalla. net/articles/fleetcode. htm 50

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 51

Airmail for Sailmail User Install (Airmail for Ham installation steps are the same) Note: Check box if using PTC-II USB Modem Airmail for Sailmail software: http: //www. siriuscyber. net/sailmail/amsm 32035. exe Airmail for Ham software: http: //www. siriuscyber. net/ham/amhc 32035. exe 52

Airmail for Helper Application Install (Get. Fax, View. Fax, Propagation Reporter) Get. Fax & View. Fax Software: http: //www. siriuscyber. net/wxfax/ Propagation Software: http: //elbert. its. bldrdoc. gov/pc_hf/hfwin 32. html 53

Airmail for Sailmail User Configuration Enter password to be used with Sailmail Webmail application Enter valid Marine Call Sign Enter initial LAT/LON to be used in Propagation calculator 54

Airmail for Sailmail User Configuration (continued) IC-M 802 Remotely Controlled Receiver Example 55

ICOM 710 Configuration Example 56

Radio Not Listed in Pull Down Box Configuration Example 57

Airmail for Sailmail User Configuration (continued) Telnet Session Usage WHV 382 Telnet user was automatically added Click green circle to directly connect to Internet 58

Sailmail Catalog Tree Note: Single request is far safer than subscribing to either GRIB file or weather bulletin 59

Airmail for Ham User Configuration (Sailmail already installed) Note: Configuration can be changed at any time (Tools+Setup Wizard) 60

Airmail for Ham User Configuration (continued) Allow email attachments, add Telnet User, verify required modules enabled 61

Airmail for Ham User Configuration (continued) Check “Enabled” box Check GPS Input box Enable GPS input to Position Reports (Module+Position Reports) 62

Winlink 2000 and Sailmail Catalogs Combined 63

Winlink 2000 and Sailmail Catalogs Combined (page 2) There are 2 more pages of catalog selection, over 800 items to choose from 64

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio • Step by step instructions for using Email, Position Reports, Weather GRIB Files, Weather Bulletins, Weather Faxes • Airmail helper application usage, HF Terminal and Telnet session usage What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 65

Installation (Hardware Needed) 66

A Professional Installation Generally Includes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Interface the radio to the HF-modem in the technically "best" fashion. If there is an "accessory" jack available on the radio that includes the necessary signals, it should ALWAYS be used. The use of the "Mic" jack should be avoided. A HF-modem to SSB cable should be provided that has shields connected on both ends and that has ferrites installed on both ends. If the radio is capable of remote control (Icom M 710, Icom M 700 pro, Icom M 802, Icom M 710 RT, SGC SG-2000, SEA -235), provide the remote control cable. If necessary for the PTC-IIe or PTC-IIex, provide and install a USB-serial adapter. If necessary for the Icom M 700 pro, provide the CI-V or Icom OPC-478 level shifter for the pin jack. See details in the Application Notes. Update the firmware in the SCS PTC modem to the latest version. Upgrade the modem to include an electronic serial number (ESN) if necessary (old PTC-II and old PTC-IIe modems only). Install ferrites at both ends of all cables including the RS 232 cable between the HF-modem and the PC, the remote control wire to the radio, the audio/PTT cable between the HF-modem and the radio, and the tuner control wire. Install a Line Isolator (next to the tuner) in the coax from radio to tuner (for details see the Sail. Mail Primer). Check and if necessary improve the ground system and the ground connection to the tuner. (Do not compromise on this item. ) Check and if necessary improve the routing of the antenna wire from the tuner to the backstay. Make sure that the antenna wire has stand-offs supporting it at least 2 inches from any grounded wires or stanchions. Adjust the audio modulation levels on the modem using a directional power meter. See the application note in the Sail. Mail Primer on level setting for details. Evaluate the system for RF self-modulation problems. Evaluate the boat's other equipment (inverters, motors etc) for interference with the SSB. Either install filters or inform the owner of what gear needs to be shut off before using Sail. Mail (probably inverters). If the radio can not be remote controlled, then program the radio with the Sail. Mail frequencies, including the appropriate mode. Provide a printed copy of the latest Sail. Mail Primer , T&C's, and the Sail. Mail FCC licenses. Provide a backup copy of the Air. Mail download from the Sail. Mail website download page, on floppy disks. Test the system and demonstrate the use of the system to the customer. Source: http: //www. sailmail. com/installa. htm 67

Installation (RF suppression components) Ideal world, no Ground Loop RF leaks Real world, with RF suppression components in place Source: http: //www. airmail 2000. com/rfi. htm 68

Installation (IC-M 802 example) 69

Installation (IC-706 RT example) 70

Installation (IC-710 RT example) 71

Installation (continued) Cables Needed Between Radio and Modem Radio Model/Type Audio Cable Icom 710 Icom M 710 RT Icom M 700 Pro Icom 77 Icom 78 Icom 706 Mk IIG Icom 707 Icom 718 Icom 720 A Icom 725 Icom 728 Icom 729 Icom 730 Icom 735 Icom 736 Icom 737 Icom 738 Icom 740 Icom 745 Icom 746 Pro Icom 756 Pro/II Icom 761 Icom 765 Icom 775 Icom 7800 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** 9095 8081 (6 ft)** 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** 9095 8081 (6 ft)** not suitable for digital communications 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** 9090 (6 ft)** no control 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** not suitable for digital communications 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** Control Cable For IIPro & IIUsb Only 72

Installation (continued) - Cables Needed Between Radio and Modem Radio Model/Type Audio Cable Icom 781 Icom M 800 Icom M 802 Icom M 810 Yaesu FT 600 Yaesu 747 GX Yaesu 757 GX Yaesu 767 GX Yaesu FT 817 Yaesu FT 840 Yaesu FT 847 Yaesu FT 857 Yaesu FT 897 Yaesu FT 920 Yaesu FT 1000 Mk. V Yaesu FT 1000 MP Mk. V Yaesu FT 1000 MP SGC 2000 Furuno Harris 5022 Kenwood TKM 707 Kenwood TS 130 S Kenwood TS 140 S Kenwood TS 2000 Kenwood TS 430 Kenwood TS 440 Kenwood TS 450 S Kenwood TS 480 HX Kenwood TS 480 SAT 9090 (6 ft)** 8081 (6 ft)** 9090 (6 ft)** no control 9090 (6 ft)** 8083 9090 (6 ft)** no control 8125 8130 not suitable for digital communications 8120 8130 MFJ-1272 B 8080 8127 8085 8120 8130 8123 8083 8123 8080 8120 8130 8123 8080 8125 8080 8020 8083 9086 9088 8020 n/a not suitable for digital communications 9096 no control 9097 8080 not suitable for digital communications 9096 no control 9097 8120 8080 Control Cable For IIPro & IIUsb Only 73

Installation (continued) - Cables Needed Between Radio and Modem Radio Model/Type Audio Cable Kenwood TS 50 S Kenwood TS 570 D Kenwood TS 570 S Kenwood TS 680 S Kenwood TS 690 S Kenwood TS 850 S MFJ-1272 B 9097 9097 Control Cable For IIPro & IIUsb Only n/a 8080 8080 Source: http: //www. farallon. us/webstore 74

Data on HF Radio What offshore sailors can do with data on HF radio • Samples of Email, Position Report, Weather GRIB File, Weather Bulletin and Weather Fax Who provides data service • Sailmail & Winlink Network Architecture Where the stations are located • Sailmail & Winlink stations worldwide How we do data on HF radio What software is required • Airmail & helper applications installation for Ham and non-Ham • Airmail configuration for Ham and non-Ham • Sailmail & Winlink maintenance/upgrade (see Appendix) What hardware is required • • Appendix General hardware component layout RF suppression components Wiring diagrams for various receivers Cable matrix for various receivers Tom Baker - BCA Fleet of 2006 75

Appendix Glossary of Terms http: //www. winlink. org/Glossary. htm Airmail software for Hams: http: //www. siriuscyber. net/ham/ Airmail software for non-Hams: http: //www. siriuscyber. net/sailmail/ Sailmail main website: http: //www. sailmail. com/ Winlink main website: http: //www. winlink. org/ OPC WFax Charts User's Guide http: //www. opc. ncep. noaa. gov/Users. Guide/UGprint. html JVComm 32 Weather fax: http: //www. jvcomm. de/index_e. html Mscan Meteo Weather fax http: //mscan. com/ Sailmail Primer http: //www. sailmail. com/smprimer. htm RFI Interference http: //www. airmail 2000. com/rfi. htm What is GRIB code http: //www. franksingleton. clara. net/grib. html Using Airmail with Macintosh Computers http: //www. downwindmarine. com/sailmail/mac. htm Use of USB to serial adapters on Mac's http: //www. sailmail. com/apple. htm How to download a new PMBO frequency List ftp: //winlink. org/New_FREQ. txt How to download a Catalog replacement or Update ftp: //winlink. org/Update_CAT. txt How to change the file attachment size limit ftp: //winlink. org/attachments. txt How to do Radio frequency control ftp: //winlink. org/Airm. Ctrl. txt Winlink Instructions for the Internet User http: //www. winlink. org/instructions. htm#Internet%20 User Winlink Instructions for the Radio User http: //www. winlink. org/instructions. htm#Radio%20 User Winlink Weather sites http: //www. franksingleton. clara. net/winlink. html The global site for cruising sailors (Radio version) http: //www. noonsite. com/text/Countries The global site for cruising sailors (Internet version) http: //www. noonsite. com/Countries 76