1 COMPUTER BASICS BY MR YOUSUF VALI 25

1 COMPUTER BASICS BY MR. YOUSUF VALI 25 -12 -2021

THE WORD computer IS DERIVED FROM compute WHICH MEANS calculations. FATHER OF COMPUTERS : MR. CHARLES BABBAGE MOTHER OF COMPUTERS : ADA LOVELACE COMPUTER STANDS FOR : 2 C ------>COMMONLY O ------>OPRATING M ------->MACHINE P ------->PARTICULARLY U ------->USED IN T --------> TECHNOLOGY FOR E --------> EDUCATION R --------> RESEARCH 25 -12 -2021

COMPUTER WORKS WITH THE HELP OF ELECTRICITY, IT CAN RECOGNIZE BOTH PRESENCE & ABSENCE OF POWER. 3 COMPUTER DEFINITION: IT IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH TAKES INPUT PROCESS THE DATA AND GIVES OUTPUT. INPUT : ENTERING THE DATA IN A COMPUTER IS CALLED INPUT DEVICES: 25 -12 -2021

OUTPUT DEVICES : PRODUCING THE RESULTS BASED ON USER’S INPUT. 4 25 -12 -2021

COMPUTERS ARE USED IN : OFFICES SCHOOLS COLLEGES BANKS HOSPITALS RAILWAYS AIRLINES TRANSPORT PROJECTS ACCOUNTS 5 25 -12 -2021

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTERS : 6 25 -12 -2021

CHARACTERISTICS : 1. SPEED: IT WORKS IN HIGH SPEED. 2. ACCURACY: RESULTS PRODUCED ARE 100 % CORRECT. 3. CONSISTENCY: IT DOES NOT GET TIRED. 4. STORAGE: IT HAS HIGH STORAGE CAPACITY. 5. VERSATILITY: IT PERFORMS VARIOUS TASKS. 7 WHENEVER WE PRESS A CPU BUTTON THE OPERATING SYSTEM LOADS INTO MEMMORY. WHAT IS AN OPERARING SYSTEM? THE OPERATING SYSTEM IS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN USER AND COMPUTER HARDWARE. EXAMPLE: MACINTOSH, WINDOWS, IOS, ANDROID WHATEVER THE TEXT YOU TYPE IN COMPUTER , IT AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTS INTO 0’S &1’S 25 -12 -2021

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES : A) LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE A. B) HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE 8 LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE: PROGRAMMERS FEEL DIFFICULT TO LEARN MACHINE LEVEL: COMPUTER CAN UNDERSTAND 0’S & 1’S. DRAWBACK: IT IS DIFFERENT FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER. B. ASSEMBLY LEVEL: THIS LANGUAGE USES LETTERS AND SYMBOLS INSTEAD OF 0’S & 1’S. DRAWBACK : THE ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE ARE MACHINE DEPENDENT. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE : IT IS EASY TO LEARN. EXAMPLE : C, JAVA THE TEXT YOU ENTERED AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTS INTO 0’S & 1’S USING TRANSLATORS. 25 -12 -2021

TYPES OF TRANSLATORS: 9 A. COMPILER: IT CONVERTS THE ENTIRE PROGRAM INTO MACHINE LEVEL LANGUAGE AT A TIME. B. INTERPRETER: IT TRANSLATES THE PROGRAM IN A STEP BY STEP. C. ASSEMBLER: IT CONVERTS ASSEMBLY LEVEL LANGUAGE INTO MACHINE LEVEL LANGUAGE. COMPUTER SOFTWARE: IT IS A SET OF PROGRAMS. EXAMPLE: OPERATING SYSTEM ( WINDOWS, MACINTOSH, LINUX) 25 -12 -2021

COMPUTER HARDWARE: IT IS A PHYSICAL COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER. 10 25 -12 -2021

HARD DISK: 11 IT IS ALSO CALLED AS FIXED DISK MADEUP OF METAL PIECES COATED WITH MAGNETIC TAPES & STORES LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA. THE FIRST HARDDISK IS INVENTED BY IBM IN 1956, THIS AVAILABLE IN 1 BYTE TO 1 COPERBYTE. FLOPPY DISK: IT WAS INVENTED BY IBM & IT’S SIZE IS 5. 25 INCH AND CAN SEND 1. 44 MB OF DATA AT A TIME. THE ADVANTAGE OF THIS FLOPPYDISK IS, IT CAN BE REMOVABLE. COMPACT DISK (CD): IT IS VERY THIN & CIRCULER IN SHAPE, IT CAN STORE 700 MB OF DATA. IN OLDEN DAYS WE HAVE ONLY READABLE BUT, NOW A DAYS WE HAVE BOTH READ & WRITTABLE DISKS. DVD: DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK IT IS SIMILAR TO CD & STORAGE CAPACITY IS 17 TO 21 GB. 25 -12 -2021

HOW ARE YOU B) IAM NOT FINE 25 -12 -2021 A) IAM FINE 12

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