1 Books have been discovered thatwhich address the

1. Books have been discovered that/which address the horrors of the Salem witch trials. 2. That book about the Salem witch trials, that/which was discovered in the basement of the library, will be published next year. 3. That is a book that/which I have not yet read. 4. The state law that/which banned logging ancient redwoods began at the grassroots level. 5. The state law to ban logging ancient redwoods, that/which began at the grassroots level, has gained the attention of lawmakers at the national level. • Retrieved from: http: //www. grammarbook. com/

These sentences are okay, but they could be better. What’s wrong with these sentences? A. That is a situation I have not thought of. B. She is a person I cannot cope with. C. It is behaviour I will not put up with.

Orwellian Projects POINT - Provide a topic sentence of what you paragraph is going to be about. Explain what Orwellian means in your own words. Introduce your evidence; you should identify and describe the purpose and audience of each piece of evidence. EVIDENCE – This could be direct quotations or paraphrased. Regardless, you must cite your sources. Please refer to the handout. EXPLANATION/ANALYZE – Now at this part you have to answer these questions: In other words, what is the essence of an Orwellian/totalitarian state according to what you have learned from your research? Questions to consider: “What insights have you gained by reading the texts? What possibilities can you imagine now that you might not have considered before reading the texts? ”

How can I improve my writing? • To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays. • To understand the elements of an effective essay. • To be able to reflect and evaluate the writing styles of different essays. Diction; Voice; Coherence Thesis; Transition; Rubric

• Tone: the author’s attitude toward his or her subject; imagine the “tone of voice” an author would use to read the essay aloud • Hints: Be sure that: • When you discuss tone, you are talking about a specific attitude the author has toward the subject being discussed • Offer a specific writing technique the author used to create the tone; choose from diction, examples or rhetorical devices • You quote an example from the passage that proves your observation is valid – write out quote in full sentences • Explain how the technique helps to achieve the tone

• Coherence: Writing techniques used to “tie together” the various parts of the piece. Effective writers create coherence by using the following techniques: • Purposeful Repetition of a word, idea, image, etc. • Transition Words such as initially, therefore, furthermore, however, nevertheless, consequently, finally • These words move ideas smoothly from one to the next. • Hints: Be sure that: • When you discuss coherence, you are discussing a specific method the author uses to move smoothly from one idea to the next • You quote more than one example from the passage that proves your observation is valid; more than one example proves that parts of the essay are being linked together • Explain how the examples link parts of the writing together •

To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays. To understand the elements of an effective essay. • Before we take up “The Modest Proposal”, let’s read this handout on voice and tone. • To make sure you completely understand it. • Then you will be able to discuss “The Modest Proposal” academically. Diction; Voice; Coherence Thesis; Transition; Rubric

To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays. To understand the elements of an effective essay. In groups: • In point-form, outline the speaker’s “modest proposal” and several reasons presented to support it. Then record your personal reactions: How did you react when you first realized what is being proposed? At what point did you realize that the proposal is satirical? • Why do you think writers are often among the first people imprisoned by totalitarian regimes? Diction; Voice; Coherence Thesis; Transition; Rubric

To be able to reflect and evaluate the writing styles of different essays. • Right now, you’re going to be reading two essays in your groups. • You’re going to assign a mark out of 100%. Don’t worry about the MLA grade. • Before we do that, let’s go through what university expects of you. Diction; Voice; Coherence Thesis; Transition; Rubric

Homework • You’re going to be reading “Why I Write” personal essay by George Orwell. • Think about the literary theories, especially Formalism.