1 ARCHAIC PERIOD 2 CLASSIC PERIOD 3 HELLENISTIC

1. ARCHAIC PERIOD 2. CLASSIC PERIOD 3. HELLENISTIC PERIOD

§ First or old period (ancient) § AFTER THE FALL OF MYCEan GREECE ENTERED A DARK AGE. § THIS PERIOD WAS CHARACTERISED BY ECONOMIC DECLINE ANd MIGRATION TO IONIA (ANATOLIA, actually turkey).

§ They developed between 800 -480 bc. § The poleis were governed by a military aristocracy.

§ The shortage of arable land the aristocracy monopoly caused social conflicts.

§ Colonisation was important : greek colonies were established throughout the mediterranean. § Fisrt colonies were established in italy and on the isaland of sicily, later along the mediterranean coast and around the black sea. § Result of colonisations: ü Trade ü Greek city states became the greatest maritime powers ü Colonisers helped spread greek culture, a phenomen known as hellenisation.

§ Is the period between the greco-persian wars and the death of Alexander the great. 5 th century- 323 bc

§ The Persian empire tried to gain control over greece. § A coalition of greek cities fought the persian forces (490 - 479 bc. ) § Greece´s victory liberated the city-states, and reinfoced common greek values and strenghted the leadership of the city –states of Athens and sparta.

§ AFTER THE GRECO-PERSIAN WAR ATHENS ACHIEVED A DOMINANT POSITION IN ANCIENT GREECE. § IT WAS THE LEADER OF THE DELIAN LEAGUE. § THEY HAD A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN GOVERNMENT. § DEVELOPED A TRADE-BASED ECONOMY. § WAS AN IMPORTANT CENTRE OF MARITIME TRADE.

§ Education was very important in Athens. § Boys went to school to learn to read and write. They also learned many sports. § Girls were not allowed to go to school or learn to play sports. § Dont copy this information, only read it

§ Was a religious space dedicated to the city´s protector. (the goddess athena).

§ Was a Greek city-state. § Powerful and had its own army. § Great conquerors. § There were three classes of people: Citizens, non-citizens, and slaves.

§ Only men born in Sparta were citizens. § Women were not allowed to become citizens. § The second class in Sparta was people who came from other citystates or other countries. They could own businesses but not become citizens. § The third class was slaves. § Don´T copy just read this information

§ Learning to read and write was not very important. § Soldiers were the most important part of the society. § Young boys were trained to be soldiers. § Girls were trained to be good in sports. Don´T copy just read this information

§ athens and Sparta fought in the Pe. Loponne. Sian War. § Spartha Won. § This war weakened all greek cities and lead to a social and economic decline.

§ Macedonia was a Kingdom located to the north of Greece. § It was culturally different from classical greece, and the greeks considered it barbarian. § The King Philip II helped spread greek culture throghout macedonia, and he created a league that united all the cities except for spartha (under the macedonian control). § When Philip II died, his son Alexander the great became King and consolidated macedonian control over greece.

§ Alexander the Great was the son of King Phillip II of § § § § § Macedonia. (became king 20 years) Educated by Aristotle. Was very skilled in politics and war. He formed a great empire Alexander conquered: Persia, Egypt, the Middle East and Northern India. Promoted trade Introduced a single currency Spread the Greek culture Founded new cities Made Greek the official language. He died at age 33 from Malaria.

§ When Alexander died his empire break up into a number of kingdoms known as the hellenistic kingdoms. § The most important were Macedonia, Pergamon and Egypt. § Alexander´s plan to create a world empire was lost, but many of the policies implemented by him continued: v Trade v Urban development v Hellenistic culture spread (rome assimiliated hellenistic culture as well).

§ The Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians. § Most European languages, including English borrowed ideas from the Greek alphabet.

§ Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. § A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life. § Socrates taught by by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method.

§ Plato was a student of Socrates. § He started a school called The Academy. § Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.

§ Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato. § He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government.