1 A new railway is being built in

1、短语优先原则 ［原文］A new railway is being built in my hometown. ［修正］A new railway is under construction in my hometown. ［原文］More and more students have realized the importance of saving water. ［修正］An increasing number of students have been conscious of the importance of saving water.

1) I don’t care for baseball. 2) She is fond of playing the piano. 3) Many football fans are crazy about Beckham. 4) My son is mad about football. 5) Many people are keen on Jin Yong’s martial arts fictions. 6) He has been addicted to the drug. 7) Some adults are hooked on computer games as well. 8) He has a passion for rock music. 9) She has great enthusiasm for personal computers.

（I think, I believe, I guess, In my opinion, From my perspective, As for me, …) 1) Personally, I think no country should interfere in the affairs of other countries. 2) As I see it, nothing is more important than health. 3) From my point of view, chatting online is a waste of time. 4) From where I stand, quality is more important than quantity. 5) As far as I’m concerned, learning English is a piece of cake. 6) It seems to me that buying lottery tickets is a waste of money. 7) I accept the idea that College English Test should be cancelled.

常用替换 attract appeal to cause expect give rise to; bring about take delight/pleasure in look forward to excellent stand out necessary of great necessity enjoy

2、地道，多实少虚原则 Through traveling, I learned a lot of knowledge. Through traveling, I gained／obtained a lot of knowledge. Li Na’s reaching finals at French Open makes our blood boil. Li Na’s reaching finals at French Open makes us excited.

用词多实少虚，克制第一反应测试 翻译： 他是一个好人。 He is a good man. generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable, easy-going, devoted, open-minded, modest, friendly, patient, knowledgeable…

用词多实少虚原则，克制第一反应 走出房间 ： walk out of the room 小偷走出房间 ：slip out of the room 英语老师走出教室： sail out of the classroom 小孩走出房间： dance out of the room 老人走出房间： stagger out of the room

3、避免重复原则 1)She is very happy. 2)I’m terribly sorry. 3)The movie was pretty good. 4) He was most kind to me. 5) We were greatly shocked at the news. 6) This story is highly significant. 7)The boss felt quite pleased with my work. 8) We were extremely excited at the news. 9) What I said is perfectly clear. 10) I felt totally exhausted by the time I got home.

4、后高长原则—后学到、较高级、较长词汇。 原 词 hard break pay attention to happy more and more achieve accept choice difficult 替换词 diligently violate / disobey attach importance to delighted / pleased an increasing number of accomplish; fulfill acknowledge option; alternative demanding; troublesome

一、肯定不如双否好 双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍 加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。就变成了 亮点句，起到强调作用。 The postman comes on time every day. The postman never fails to come on time. He came here at 5 p. m. yesterday. (一般句式) He did not come here until 5 p. m. yesterday. I have made great progress in English with his help. I couldn’t have made so much progress in English without his help.

二、陈述不如倒装妙 1. Time is very precious, so we can’t afford to waste it. 2. We should never take dishonesty as a slight thing. 3. As long as we work together, we can develop traditional virtues better. 1. So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 2. Never should we take dishonesty as a slight thing. 3. Only when we work together can we develop traditional virtues better.

Examples: 1. When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was surrounded by hundreds of reporters immediately. . 2. People think it necessary to allow students to have access to the Internet. It is widely acknowledged that it is necessary to allow students to have access to the Internet.

Ex. 1. 与面对面的沟通相比，书信和电子邮件是更有效、更方便 的表达方式。 2. 如果从各方面考虑，这个计划似乎更切实可行。 3. 有些健康问题，如果不及时处理，后面会变得越来越大。 1. Compared with face-to-face communication, letters and e-mails are more efficient and convenient means to express ourselves. 2. Everything taken into consideration, this plan seems to be more practical. 3. There are some health problems that, if not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.

1. 合理地使用长短句 1、短句扩展为长句 改写方法：并列句，强调句，三大从句 Example: Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them.

1. 合理地使用长短句 2、长句优化成短句 He didn’t do the job well because of the fact that he didn’t have enough relative work experience. He didn’t do the job well for lack of enough work experience.

1. 合理地使用长短句，长短句相间 2015江苏高考官方范文第三段： In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.

2. 恰到好处的名言、谚语 2020年南京盐城一模：教育惩戒权 The policy that allows school teachers to take disciplinary actions against their students hangs like a Damocles’ Sword over these children’s heads, which can help cultivate self-discipline.

2. 恰到好处的名言、谚语 常用写作谚语： 1. Practice makes perfect. 2. God helps those who help themselves. 3. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. One false step will make a great difference. 5. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 6. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 7. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

8. More haste, less speed. 9. It’s never too old to learn. 10. All that glitters is not gold. 11. Look before you leap. 12. Rome was not built in a day. 13. Great minds think alike. 14. Well begun, half done. 15. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

3. 大胆使用基本的修辞手法 比喻Simile 所有学生都在忙着准备考试。 All the students are busy preparing for the coming exams. All the students are as busy as bees preparing for the coming exams.

夸张 Exaggeration 我感觉压力很大。 I feel great pressure. I felt as if I were under a mountain and I can’t even breathe.

拟人Personification 我感觉所有同学都在嘲笑我。 I felt all my classmates laughing at me. I felt as if even the birds on the trees are laughing at me.

Homework: 一、 短句变长句 1. The grading system at our college should be abolished. The students don’t like getting grades. The instructors don’t enjoy giving grades. 2. Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 3. Usually, a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation. 4. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.

Homework: 二、长句变短句 1. He didn’t do the work well because of the fact that he didn’t have enough relative work experience. 2. Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. 3. Still there are some students, who like making friends, who make regular appointments with their foreign friends for a chat, a dinner or a party.

三、 按要求改写作文 The reform and opening up of our country is deepening. Studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. Many people prefer to further their studies abroad. ④They insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways. ⑤First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. ⑥Second, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. 1. 通过with独立结构将 和 合并成一句。 2. 将 和④合为一句。通过定语从句把 改为名词短语作主语；将④中的宾 语从句改为简单句，将其中的条件状语从句改为其主语。 3. 将⑤变为简单句，其中的时间状语从句改为动名词短语作主语。 4. 将⑥变为简单句，其中的条件状语从句变为主语。 5. 将⑧改成两个简单句，分别陈述两个理由。

三、 按要求改写作文 ⑦However, there are still many people who object to studying abroad. ⑧They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off, and they have language and cultural barriers when they study in other countries. 6. 将⑧改成两个简单句，分别陈述两个理由。

三、 按要求改写作文 ⑨From my point of view, if we weigh up the pros and cons of studying abroad, it is a good option, but the precondition is that your financial condition permits you to go abroad, because it could broaden you vision and it could bring you a different cultural experience. ⑩However, if you have no enough financial support, the best thing you should do is you study at home. ⑪The place where they study is not very important for you. ⑫The things that you learn and the way you learn are more important than it. 7. 将⑨优化成三个句子。将but连接的并列分句合并成一个主从复合句，其中 的if条件句简化成非谓语动词短语；将后面的原因状语从句拆分成两个简单句。 8. 将⑩、⑪、⑫合并成一句。将⑩中的主句简化成一个简单句；通过 not. . . but. . . 将⑪、⑫合并，并将其转换成句⑩的原因状语从句。

作业参考答案： 一、1. The grading system at our college should be abolished, because neither the students nor the instructors like it. 2. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 3. Usually, a fact is defined as a truth, something that can be tested by observation or experimentation. 4. Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 二、1. He didn't do the work for lack of experience. 2. They distrusted our judgment. 3. Still some sociable students make regular appointments with their foreign friends for a chat, a dinner or a party.

三、With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who prefer to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways. First, living in a foreign country gives them a better chance to improve their foreign language skills. Second, completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. However, there are still many people who object to studying abroad. They argue that, for one thing, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off. For another, there are language and cultural barriers when studying in other countries. Weighing the pros and cons, I believe it is a good option to study abroad if your financial condition permits. It can broaden your vision. Plus, it could bring you a different cultural experience. However, if you have no enough financial support, you'd better study at home since what counts is not where you study, but what you learn and how you learn.

Thank you !