1 4 3 The Internet for Work and

1. 4. 3 The Internet …for Work and Home

1. 4. 3 Specification 1 2 3 4 5

The Internet as a Business Tool Be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the organisation, and to the consumer, of using the Internet as a business tool

Internet: Business Use of Browsers for Business • • To keep up-to-date with the cultural world of their field To see what competitors are doing Staff could visit related websites Staff could perform detailed searches using a search engine Online ordering from suppliers • Checking the status of orders/accounts Online management of customer orders (a database) • … progress reports via e-mail • … mail shots of special offers • … confirmation of orders via e-mail

Internet: Business Use of Email for Business To communicate by email • . . . using a shared address book • . . . using contact groups • . . . to multiple recipients • . . . using attachments

Internet: Business Uses Advantages of Email for Business • The same emails can be sent to all participants at the same time using an address book/contacts list • The sender of an email can get confirmation that the message was opened by each recipient by requesting automatic notification • Relevant attachments can be sent with an email such as the agenda • The meeting date can be added automatically to each recipient’s calendar • The recipient can be notified of new mail automatically/on the desktop

Internet: Business Use of Forums for Business Using an Internet forum or message board: • Managers could register as members • . . . and submit/contribute to topics (threads) • . . . or communicate via messages visible to all members (posts)

Internet: Business Use of Videoconferencing: • Each manager would need a webcam • . . . and a microphone

Internet: Business Use Advantages of Videoconferencing • The participants do not have to travel to one location, thereby saving travel/accommodation expenses • The participants do not have to travel, so travelling time is eliminated/the meeting can be set up at short notice • The meeting can be saved in digital form and replayed/used for staff who could not attend/kept as a record of the meeting

Internet: Business Use Search Techniques • • • The customer could use a search box The customer would enter key words . . . about the product being searched for . . . and follow the links in the list of results Alternatively, the customer could use hyperlinks • . . . or tabs on the website • . . . to navigate to the appropriate page

Advantages of the Internet to Businesses (1 of 3) • Increased customer base through access to global market as any buyers with Internet access can purchase products • Sales 24/7 as buyers can purchase products unrestricted by shop opening hours • Greater e-communication with customers via e-mail, pop ups, online surveys, search engine referrals • More effective use of multimedia/interactive navigation

Advantages of the Internet to Businesses (2 of 3) • Can search more competitive prices from wholesalers globally • Can respond to market forces faster by updating the web site, rather than updating prices manually in a shop • Increased chance of “accidental” visitors due to search engine matches and multimedia advertisements/reviews • Can build up a substantial database to spot market trends

Advantages of the Internet to Businesses (3 of 3) • Stock efficiencies/increased range of goods because it is a virtual store, minimising storage requirements and allowing the use of drop shippers • Reduction in overheads as goods get stored in single/cheaper locations

Disadvantages of the Internet to Businesses • Added competition from international businesses • More difficult to build up customer loyalty • Harder for local retailers to survive due on the rise of online selling • Sophisticated precautions need to be put in place to combat hackers, fraud, corruption, viruses etc, and these require regular updates • Initial setup costs may be high

Advantages of the Internet to Consumers • Access to global market place – can search for a competitive price (Note the growing number of websites that compare prices for you) • 24/7 access to goods and services – not restricted to shop opening hours • Can buy whilst in any geographical location • Can buy goods and services from home, saving expenses e. g. travelling, parking • Can buy goods that are not available locally

Disadvantages of the Internet to Consumers • Fraud, identity theft and hoax websites arise • Time delay before you receive your goods • Additional delivery charges can apply • Cannot judge the quality of the goods you are buying

Disadvantages of the Internet to Consumers • People can become isolated (housebound) – there is no human interaction online like there is in a shop • Requires hardware/software you may not have • Requires a level of ICT literacy for accurate use • Businesses may stop stocking products locally, or the service you require may only be possible in-store

The Internet At Home Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet at home

Uses of home Internet • • • Entertainment: Games, movies, sounds etc. News: feed, browse, push notifications Social networking and instant messaging Shopping: buy locally or worldwide Teleworking: work from home Smart homes: adjust settings while abroad Backups and archiving: personal/professional VLEs: School, University 3 G mobile phone app usage: Wi-Fi

Advantages of home Internet • Greater access to information without have to leave your home • Can work form home (teleworkers) • Greater access to different types of entertainment (download programmes, films, music, game systems) • Online shopping (helps some people to cope) • Communication is global – social networking, instant messaging, Skype, email, mobile etc.

Disadvantages of home Internet • • • Online information is hard to verify (sources) Greater access to unsuitable material Phishing websites (impersonate genuine retailers) Closure of local retailers, banks and Post Offices Reduction of social interaction – rise in isolation Privacy can be compromised – videos broadcast against your will, difficult to verify who you are speaking to

Teleworking How ICT enables teleworking • Teleworking = working from home • Telecommunication links (such as broadband) enable staff to access the company’s computer system/website from home • They can access the same customer data and provide the same help that they could if they were actually working at the company’s site

Teleworking How ICT enables teleworking • Advances in telecommunications • . . . such as broadband satellite networks • . . . enable employees to access the company’s database remotely/from anywhere in the world • . . . in exactly the same way as if they were working on the company’s premises • Electronic bulletin to keep staff informed • Electronic forums to keep staff in contact with one another/the company • Company intranet to provide policy documents/commonly used forums

Teleworking Advantages to the Business • Reduced staffing costs • They do not have to provide working space, dining/toilet facilities etc. (heat/light cheaper) • They can access a wider employee base • They can employ staff in areas of high unemployment, or in areas where people already have the required ICT skills • They can work across many time zones

Teleworking Disadvantages to the Business • They have less management control over their employees • It may be difficult to monitor each employee’s standard/rate of work • Employers may find it more difficult to meet their legal obligations to their employees • . . . e. g. the physical working conditions • . . . e. g. health and safety issues • It is difficult to maintain a corporate ethos

Teleworking Advantages to the Employee • They do not have to travel to work, saving costs in terms of both time and stress • They can arrange their own working hours • They can look after young children while working • They save the costs of paying a crèche/childcare • They can be more actively involved in the children’s development • Enables people in certain circumstances to manage home and working life, providing an income in difficult home circumstances

Teleworking Disadvantages to the Employee • Less favourable employment conditions • Inferior working conditions • Part-time contract/reduced pension rights/no access to trade unions • No direct personal supervision/feedback • No quiet workspace may be available • No contact with other employees

Internet Issues Be able to describe issues surrounding the Internet such as security, plagiarism and censorship

Internet Security: Issues • Identity fraud: Personal details keyed in during a transaction may be intercepted (via keystroke logging) and used for unauthorised purchases • Phishing/fraudulent emails: User asked to supply personal/banking details via a bogus email. ISPs offer phishing reporting services • Viruses: these may be downloaded while using online services, damaging your data/PC

Internet Security: Issues • Spyware: attached to programs, they hide and record passwords etc of the user and used for illegal purposes • Spam/junk mail: nuisance, block e-mail accounts. Can be blocked using ISP filters only partially successful • Pirated software: that looks legitimate but is a copy often containing viruses that damage computer systems • File sharing: legitimate file sharing software is often used most only work efficiently if the firewall is deactivated open the computer to attack

Internet Security: Advice • • Use anti-virus software, updated regularly Do not open suspicious emails Do not visit dubious websites Use passwords on wireless networks Block pop-ups Always log off interactive websites Delete Internet cookies Set browser security levels

Internet Security: Advice • Install spyware removal programs (ad-Aware, spybot) • Only install licensed software • Regularly check for security updates • Do not post personal details onto web pages • Report phishing to your ISP

Plagiarism • The vast amount of material on the Internet has greatly increased the incidence of plagiarism • Information about almost any topic can be obtained with a few clicks of the mouse via search engines • Most of the information is free

Plagiarism • Many people are tempted to “cut and paste” material and pass it off as their own • This is difficult to detect as this involves tracking down the source of the plagiarised material • It is such a problem that universities use special software to detect plagiarism • The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act makes plagiarism illegal

Plagiarism Read: A Cut and Paste Generation Using plagiarism detection programs, all coursework gets scanned so that they can identify information that as been copied or paraphrased, before submitted for marking Methods of detecting it can be very clever and complex; it is difficult to bypass them

Censorship • Censorship is the suppression of speech or writing considered to have an undesired influence on society • It has become more difficult for governments to control/suppress information as national borders are difficult or impossible to enforce • Some websites publish information that some governments would like to censor • Residents in a country banning certain information may be able to access it on websites hosted outside the country

Censorship • Some countries have resorted to a complete ban on citizens using the Internet • Some countries (e. g. China) use sophisticated techniques to block specific websites/portals/forums/blogs • . . . by blocking or re-directing their IP addresses • . . . or by monitoring data packets for words such as “democracy”

Censorship • File blocking is achieved by routing all network traffic via a proxy server that filters any requests for blocked files • Blocked e-mails will be re-directed and sent to the network administrator filtering

Censorship is used for various reasons: • Political – China: http: //tinyurl. com/283 znb • Commercial – ISP controlling access • Crime – governments are beginning to realise that full access to the internet is causing legal, political social and moral problems for society. Therefore a discussion about types of censorship are opening up. • Could use blanket filters like “China” • Restrict access to bandwidth – AOL • Read this: Global net censorship

Online Transactions Be able to compare security methods available with regard to online transactions – https, Paypal

https • A protocol used to encrypt sensitive data sent between client and server • Indicated by a padlock/key symbol on the toolbar

https • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure • A protocol providing secure/safe Internet transactions/via a secure web site • It is used when the information being communicated is sensitive or confidential, such as credit/debit card details • It uses encryption so that the information being transferred back and forth is encoded • . . . and will be meaningless to any unauthorised parties who intercept the data

https • https is a protocol • When a user connects to a website via https a secure session is created • The website uses encryption • … for sensitive data such as bank details • … using a digital certificate • … which has a private key restricted to the owner • … and a public key given to the user • The website must have a Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Certificate, which must be verified/trusted

Pay. Pal • Secure financial service • Holds payment until goods delivered and quality has been verified • Money is transferred through Pay. Pal accounts, not ordinary bank accounts • Acts as a third party, so a fee may be charged • Keeps bank details confidential from multiple sellers if you always go through Pay. Pal • It is embedded in many commercial websites such as e. Bay

Pay. Pal

Pay. Pal • Pay. Pal safeguards the buyer’s and seller’s bank details • The buyer and seller must each have a Pay. Pal account (…it is set up using an email address and a password) • Pay. Pal transfers money from the buyer’s account to the seller’s account • … so that the buyer’s confidential details are withheld from the seller and vice-versa • Fees are charged depending to whom you are sending funds

Central Authority • • Central verification authority Produce digital certificates Verifies that a web site is who it claims to be Examples: – Veri. Sign – Go. Daddy

HTML Be able to explain how Internet pages are created with HTML

HTML • HTML is a programming language • … which controls the appearance of a web page/tells the browser how to display a web page • It uses special tags • … to specify the structure of the web page/header/body • … to specify the content/multimedia elements/text/images/tables • … to set attributes such as fonts/background colour • … and hyperlinks/navigation buttons • Style sheets can be created to control sections/pages

HTML • • • HTML can be used to create and edit web pages . . . set the properties of the web page . . . using tags . . . insert multimedia elements (text, images, sounds, moving video clips) . . . edit the layout of a page . . . using tags . . . create style sheets for consistency of style on a number of web pages . . . insert hyperlinks to navigate from one page to another . . . insert frames to a page to split it into different areas . . . include sections of program code to provide animation/interactivity

A Web Page • A web page is just a file full of plain text • It uses the extension: . html. shtml • More advanced sites may use. asp or. php, but these just generate the HTML behind-the-scenes . html

Website Content INTERACTIVE ANIMATION VIDEO SOUND

Web Page Structure <html> <head> </head> <body> </html>

Tags } <html> </body> </p> <title> These are called TAGS They use < and > Closing tags have a / after the < Open the Intranet home page. Right-click and select View source. Locate the <html> <head> and <title> tags at the top

Tags • • <html> <head> <title> <body> <p> <img /> <br /> <table> • • <ol> <ul> <li> <hr /> <em> <strong> <span> <div>

Nesting • It is incorrect to write: <head><title>Victoria College</head></title> • Look at your notes. How do you fix this? Read the remainder of the first page of your notes and attempt the questions on the second page.

A Basic Web Page <html> <head><title>Smarties</title></head> <body> <p>I love Smarties. </p> <p>They are crunchy and bright. </p> </body> Draw a sketch diagram of </html> this website on a piece of paper to show it will look in a web browser.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • CSS = Cascading Style Sheets • This is ALSO a plain text file • It controls how web pages look in a web browser • 1 style sheet held anywhere online can be used for millions of web pages, saving hours of time in the design process • A Bebo skin is CSS in action: changing the appearance by linking a web page to a new style sheet

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) body { background-color: yellow; } h 1 { color: orange; text-align: center; } p { font-family: "Arial"; font-size: 20 px; } Any web page which is linked to this style sheet will end up with a yellow background, orange headings that are centred, and the text will be in Arial size 20 px.

1. 4. 3 Specification 1 2 3 4 5

1. 4. 3 TASKS The Internet for Work and Home

TASKS #1 The Internet for Business 1. Describe how the Internet gets used as a business tool 2. Outline the key advantages of using the Internet from the perspective of the business and its employees 3. Outline the consequences for a business if its Internet connection failed

TASKS #2 The Internet at Home 1. How has the use of the Internet affected domestic lifestyles? 2. What are the main drawbacks of having an Internet connection in the home?

TASKS #3 Internet Issues 1. Explain what is meant by plagiarism and outline its consequences 2. Explain how censors go about censoring material 3. Outline 4 security issues that exist on the Internet and describe 1 safeguard for each risk

TASKS #4 Online Transactions 1. Describe the key features of https 2. Name 3 advantages to a purchaser of using Pay. Pal as a means of online payment 3. Explain the steps involved in the use of Pay. Pal

TASKS #5 HTML 1. Write the HTML that a web browser could use to render a web page that looks very like this slide 2. Explain how HTML is structured