1 2 Functional Analysis Many behaviors can belong

1

2

Functional Analysis Many behaviors can belong in the same functional class, but look very different 3 Withdrawing into sadness, laughing hysterically, and yelling in anger may all belong to the functional class of pushing others away.

Shape function, not form Define target behaviors based on client’s current behavioral repertoire That’s it, Marsha. I quit! You never give me the time I need. THERAPIST That’s the first time Well I’mtold certainly you ever me the not going to spend feelings that make more you time thinkwith about if you keep treating quitting, so let’s talk me like about ourthis! time arrangements. CLIENT 4 NOT MATCHING

CRBs (Clinically Relevant Behaviors) are the operants that are the HEART of FAP 5

FAP Basic Concepts: CLINICALLY RELEVANT BEHAVIORS CRBs occur in session and can be addressed on the spot CRB 1 s Client PROBLEMATIC behavior CRB 2 s Client IMPROVEMENTS CRB 3 s Client Functional Interpretation of Bx Identify these to maximize therapeutic change ALL OCCUR IN THE SESSION PROCESS, THOUGH NOT NECESSARILY IN SESSION CONTENT 6

The 5 Rules of FAP 1. 2. 3. 4. Watch for CRBs. [Awareness] Evoke CRBs. [Courage] ACL Reinforce CRB 2 s. [Love] Notice effects of your behavior. [more Awareness] 5. Provide functional interpretations of behavior and implement generalization strategies. [interpret and generalize] 7 7

FAP Case Conceptualization I. Relevant History 2. Daily Life Problems 3. Problematic Beliefs (Believing) and Thoughts (Thinking) 4. Variables Maintaining Problems 5. Assets and Strengths 6. In-session Problems (CRB 1 s) 7. In-session Targets/Improvements (CRB 2 s) 8. Daily Life Goals 9. Therapy Goals 10. Planned Interventions 11. Therapist In-session problems (T 1 s) 12. Therapist In-session target behaviors (T 2 s) 8

The 5 Rules Rule 1: Observe CRBs

Rule 1: Watch for CRBs Will you call my doctor and ask her to renew my Xanax prescription? Client CRB-1 OR CRB-2 ? ? Therapist • How could this be a CRB 1 or CRB 2 - what is the client’s daily life problem? • What was the immediate contingency? Was the CRB strengthened or weakened? • From an reinforcement standpoint, what therapist activities are therapeutic? Countertherapeutic? 10 ALWAYS use the case conceptualization as a guide

Defining CRBs • “Moving targets” - defined in terms of one’s growth edge, not an external standard (shaping, successive approximations) • Are defined in terms of one’s history, who they are and who they want to be, not an external standard (idiographic) • Are defined in terms of what is effective or not effective for you (pragmatic truth) • May look different for one person compared to another, and for you in one context compared to another (function vs. form)

The 5 Rules Rule 2: Evoke CRBs

Rule 2: Evoke CRBs Therapeutic Courage • Treatment as usual will naturally evoke CRBs – e. g. , setting agendas, therapist “mistakes”, assigning homework • You also can intentionally prompt CRBs via… – Constructing therapeutic environment that evokes intimacy-related CRBs (“sacred” space) – Presenting a rationale that is evocative (e. g. , the “FAP rap”) – Bringing client issues into therapeutic relationship (soft vs. hard evokes) – Therapist self-disclosure: speaking your truth in ways that best serve your client’s growth – Experiential work and exercises from any orientation (e. g. , ACT exercises, free association, non-dominant hand writing) but bring it back to therapeutic relationship (e. g. , “how does it feel that I asked you to do this with me? ”) Where the magic? La. Can here 13 13

Rule 2 Evoking Strategies: Soft vs. Hard Evokes SOFT EVOKES Evoking CRBs in session, but not specific to therapistclient relationship • Can you get in touch with that feeling a bit more? • I notice you staying a bit intellectual about all this. What do feel in your body? • Assigning homework, experiential exercises HARD EVOKES Evoking CRB within therapeutic relationship • What can you see in my face about how I am reacting to you right now? • How can you take up more space in our relationship? • Can you find a way to express your anger at me but not push me away? • I care about you the way I care about my son.

The 5 Rules Rule 3: Reinforce CRBs

Rule 3: Naturally Reinforce CRBs [therapeutic Love] Maximum therapeutic change results from therapist’s natural contingent responding to decrease CRB 1 s and increase CRB 2 s. But, if you try too hard, it may backfire because it is arbitrary! A conundrum. mr w titles. wmv 16 16

18

FIND MORE TO REINFORCE Successive approximations Even those 2 s that might not be reinforced by others in the outside world Improvement over time

The time-space relationship Reinforcement is more effective if it is delivered closer in time and space to the behavior Example: Reinforcing a client for improvement immediately when it occurs in session vs. reinforcing a client for an improvement that occurred earlier during the week. 20

REINFORCE NATURALLY CRB 2 s are more likely to generalize if therapist reinforcing response is functionally equivalent to outside world contingencies.

The 5 Rules Rule 4: Notice your Effect

The 5 Rules Rule 5: Offer functional interpretations & Generalize

FAP Case Conceptualization Relevant History Daily Life Psychotherapy Problems Daily Life Goals IN SESSION CRB-1 s Watch for RULE and evoke 1 CRBs &2 24 CRB-2 s Identify reinforcers RULE 3 &and 4 reinforce CRB-2 s Provide rules & RULE 5 generalization strategies

FAP is an Integrative Therapy Ideal FAP Therapist Behavior when Doing Therapy such as MI, CBT, EMDR, DBT, Psychodynamic Therapy, Emotion Focused Therapy BA, Exposure, ACT Knows (Knowing ) Contextual Behaviorism Knows FAP Theory and Principles Follows Rule 1 Encourage and Shape Potential CRB 2 Implements Rules 1 -5

Ethics and Precautions FAP is difficult to do. Be aware of cultural biases. Do not continue a non-beneficial treatment. Be controlled by reinforcers that are beneficial to your clients. • Continually update client case conceptualization. • Create a therapist case conceptualization. • Have client target behavior in your own repertoire. • • 26